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Pan (genus)

life science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The genus Pan includes two very special types of apes. These are the chimpanzee and the bonobo.

Pan troglodytes & Pan paniscus
Pan troglodytes & Pan paniscus

They are part of a group called the great apes. This group also includes humans, gorillas, and orangutans. Scientists call these two species panins. They are our closest living relatives on Earth. Research by Mary-Claire King in 1973 showed we share 99% of our DNA with chimpanzees.

This close link makes them very important to study.

These apes live in the forests of Africa. Chimpanzees live in West and Central Africa.

They live mostly north of the Congo River. Bonobos live south of that same river.

Bonobo 009
Bonobo 009

Bonobos live in the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Both species are now listed as endangered. This means they are at risk of disappearing. In 2017, a group called the Convention on Migratory Species chose the chimpanzee for special protection.

Chimpanzees and bonobos act in very different ways. Chimpanzees are often larger and more aggressive.

Gombe Stream NP Beute
Gombe Stream NP Beute

They live in groups with a leader called an alpha male. This male stays in power by making allies. Bonobos are thinner and more peaceful.

Bonobo 009
Bonobo 009

Their groups are led by females. Bonobos use social contact to help prevent fights. Both apes are very social and live in large communities. They use tools and build nests from branches every night.

Learning about these apes has a long history. A scientist named Jane Goodall led famous studies of chimpanzees.

Gombe Stream NP gegenseitiges Lausen
Gombe Stream NP gegenseitiges Lausen

The name Pan was first used by Lorenz Oken in 1816. He likely chose it after the Greek god Pan. The name "chimpanze" was written in a magazine in 1738. Later, in 1776, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach named them Simia troglodytes. The species name troglodytes means "cave-dweller." Even though they have this name, they do not usually live in caves.

These apes have bodies built for life in the trees. Their arms are longer than their legs.

Chimpanzee and stick
Chimpanzee and stick

This helps them climb with powerful limbs. On the ground, chimpanzees often walk on their knuckles. Bonobos have longer arms and walk upright more often. Both can walk on two legs to carry things. They eat mostly fruit, but they also eat insects and honey.

Chimpanzee mom and baby cropped
Chimpanzee mom and baby cropped

In the wild, they can live for over 30 years.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Pan troglodytes & Pan paniscus.jpg
Pan troglodytes & Pan paniscus.jpg
File:Comparison of size of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and human.svg
Comparison of size of chimpanzee (Pan...
File:Bonobo 009.jpg
Bonobo 009.jpg
Pan troglodytes-female-TobuZoo2012.ogv
File:Gombe Stream NP gegenseitiges Lausen.jpg
Gombe Stream NP gegenseitiges Lausen.jpg
File:1911 EB Chimpanzee Brain.png
1911 EB Chimpanzee Brain.png
File:Chimpanzee and stick.jpg
Chimpanzee and stick.jpg
File:Chimpanzee mom and baby cropped.jpg
Chimpanzee mom and baby cropped.jpg
File:Gombe Stream NP Beute.jpg
Gombe Stream NP Beute.jpg
File:2006-12-09 Chimpanzee Gregoire D Bruyere.JPG
2006-12-09 Chimpanzee Gregoire D Bruyere.JPG
File:HugoRheinholdApeWithSkull.DarwinMonkey.2.jpg
HugoRheinholdApeWithSkull.DarwinMonkey.2.jpg
File:Lightmatter chimp.jpg
Lightmatter chimp.jpg
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