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Ozarks

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The Ozarks is a massive physiographic region in the United States.

Ozark scenery
Ozark scenery

It covers much of southern Missouri and northern Arkansas. The region also reaches into Oklahoma and a small part of Kansas. It is the most extensive highland area between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains. Geologically, the area functions as a broad dome. The core of this dome is exposed in the ancient St. Francois Mountains.

Knob lick view-26aug06
Knob lick view-26aug06

This region is also known as the Ozark Plateau or the Ozark Highlands. Together with the Ouachita Mountains, it forms the U.S. Interior Highlands.

The geology of the Ozarks involves many complex layers. The St. Francois Mountains are the eroded remnants of an ancient mountain range. These mountains form the geological core of the highland dome. They consist of igneous and volcanic rocks. These rocks are incredibly old, dating from 1.485 to 1.350 billion years ago.

Taum Sauk precambrian-cambrian unconformity
Taum Sauk precambrian-cambrian unconformity

During the Paleozoic era, this ancient core existed as an island in the sea. Coral reefs formed in the sedimentary layers surrounding this island. These reefs later became sites where mineral-bearing fluids concentrated. This process created rich lead and zinc ores in the region. These minerals have been mined in the area for a long time.

Following the volcanic period, ancient seas covered the region. This led to the deposition of thick carbonate sediments. The Bonneterre formation is one such layer, mostly made of dolomite now. It can reach a thickness of 1,000 feet. Later, sedimentation continued with the deposition of sandstones and dolomites. The Roubidoux sandstone is a prominent example.

Roubidoux sandstone bluff
Roubidoux sandstone bluff

This sandstone forms large, beautiful bluffs along many streams. The Ozark Plateau was eventually uplifted during the Pennsylvanian period. This uplift happened during the Ouachita orogeny. This event occurred when South America collided with North America. This collision created the folded Ouachita Mountains and lifted the Ozark plateau.

The Ozarks are divided into several distinct physiographic subregions. The Boston Mountains are located in north Arkansas and east Oklahoma. They contain the highest elevations in the entire region. The Springfield Plateau is the second largest subregion. It covers parts of southwest Missouri, northeast Oklahoma, and northwest Arkansas. The Salem Plateau is the largest geologic area in the Ozarks. It spans south central Missouri and north central Arkansas. Other subregions include the White River Hills and the Courtois Hills. The Osage-Gasconade Hills are also a notable part of the landscape.

One of the most famous features of the Ozarks is karst topography. Karst refers to landscapes shaped by the dissolving of soluble rocks like limestone and dolomite. This process creates many springs, sinkholes, and caves.

Big Spring Missouri 1-02Aug08
Big Spring Missouri 1-02Aug08

Missouri is often called "The Cave State." It has over 7,300 recorded caves. Most of these are found within the Ozark counties. The Springfield Plateau and Salem Plateau are especially rich in these features. The Ozark Plateaus aquifer system also helps move groundwater through the region. This system affects almost all areas except the igneous core of the St. Francois Mountains.

The landscape also includes unique environments called glades. Glades are rocky, desert-like areas found on hilltops. They consist of limestone and dolomite. These areas stay open because periodic fires limit the growth of plants. Because the soil is shallow, they do not support thick forests. Instead, glades are home to species typical of the Desert Southwest. You might find collared lizards, tarantulas, and scorpions living there. The Boston Mountains provide much of the region's relief. They feature peaks over 2,500 feet and very deep valleys.

Artist's Point, AR
Artist's Point, AR

The highest point in the Ozarks is Wahzhazhe Summit in Arkansas.

Human history and culture are closely tied to this land. The name "Ozarks" may come from a French abbreviation. It might also come from a French phrase meaning "land of the arches." This could refer to natural bridges formed by erosion.

Morning on the Buffalo River
Morning on the Buffalo River

Many people visit the region for its natural beauty. Branson, Missouri, is a major tourist destination. Cities like Fayetteville and Springfield are also important centers. To protect these natural wonders, the Ozark National Forest was created in 1908.

Current River MO 2009-06-15 n65 below Welch Spring crop2
Current River MO 2009-06-15 n65 below Welch Spring crop2

This helped preserve the forests across several Arkansas counties.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:Ozark scenery.jpg
Ozark scenery.jpg
File:Knob lick view-26aug06.jpg
Knob lick view-26aug06.jpg
File:OzarkRelief.jpg
OzarkRelief.jpg
File:Taum Sauk precambrian-cambrian unconformity.jpg
Taum Sauk precambrian-cambrian unconformity.jpg
File:Roubidoux sandstone bluff.JPG
Roubidoux sandstone bluff.JPG
File:Big Spring Missouri 1-02Aug08.jpg
Big Spring Missouri 1-02Aug08.jpg
File:Current River MO 2009-06-15 n65 below Welch Spring crop2.jpg
Current River MO 2009-06-15 n65 below...
File:Morning on the Buffalo River.jpg
Morning on the Buffalo River.jpg
File:Ha Ha Tonka Spring on Lake of the Ozarks.jpg
Ha Ha Tonka Spring on Lake of the Ozarks.jpg
File:Shelter on White Rock Mountain.jpg
Shelter on White Rock Mountain.jpg
File:Cave Spring School 1838.jpg
Cave Spring School 1838.jpg
File:Artist's Point, AR.JPG
Artist's Point, AR.JPG

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