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Online game

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An online game is a video game played primarily through the Internet or a computer network.

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These games are found on many platforms, including PCs, consoles, and mobile devices. They range from simple text-based environments to complex virtual worlds with advanced graphics. Unlike retail games, online games require special servers to function. This means they are not always permanently playable if the servers are unavailable. Online components can be minor features, like a leaderboard for scores. However, they can also be the core gameplay, where players interact directly with one another.

There are two main ways players interact within these digital spaces. In player versus environment (PvE), players fight computer-controlled opponents. This is common in massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs). In player versus player (PvP), players compete against each other. This creates a competitive environment where human skill is the deciding factor. These interactions define the social structure of the game world.

Online games belong to several distinct genres. First-person shooters (FPS) focus on combat from a character's perspective. Games like Counter-Strike and Call of Duty are popular in this category. Real-time strategy (RTS) games require players to plan moves and manage resources. Titles like StarCraft fall into this group. Another major genre is the multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA). This format gained popularity through Defense of the Ancients (DotA), a mod for Warcraft III. This led to successful games like League of Legends and Dota 2. Recently, battle royale games like Fortnite and Apex Legends have also become very popular.

EVE Combat
EVE Combat

The history of online gaming began with packet-based computer networking in the 1970s. One of the earliest examples was MUD1, a text-based game created in 1978. It eventually connected to the ARPANet in 1980. The 1980s brought the first commercial online role-playing game, Islands of Kesmai, in 1984. The 1990s saw rapid expansion as the Internet became more available. Notable titles from this era include Ultima Online and StarCraft. During this time, consoles also added networking features through services like SegaNet and the PlayStation Network.

The 2000s marked a major shift due to cheaper technology and faster Internet. This era saw the rise of massively multiplayer online games (MMOs). World of Warcraft, released in 2004, dominated much of the decade. While other games like Star Wars Galaxies tried to compete, they did not match its market share. By the early 2010s, many online games became part of the esports category. This refers to organized, professional gaming competitions. These tournaments often offer prizes ranging from hardware to large sums of money.

Online gaming has grown into a massive global industry. In 2019, revenue in the online games segment reached $16.9 billion. Of this total, China generated $4.2 billion and the United States generated $3.5 billion. The player base is also very diverse. While males still make up a majority at 52%, women account for 48% of players worldwide. In some specific games, women make up more than half of the players. The average gamer is approximately 33 years old.

A unique culture has developed around these games, including its own language. Players use slang and metaphors to communicate quickly. For example, "AFK" means a player is away from the keyboard. "GL HF" is a friendly way to say "good luck, have fun" at the start of a match. To show sportsmanship at the end, players say "GG" or "GG WP," meaning "good game, well played." This community also produces internet memes and follows unwritten social rules. This culture is so significant that scientists now study how players interact in virtual societies to understand real-world social phenomena.

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