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Occupy movement

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The Occupy movement was an international socio-political movement. It expressed opposition to social and economic inequality. It also protested a perceived lack of authentic democracy worldwide. The movement aimed to advance social and economic justice. It sought different forms of democracy for all people. Its primary concerns involved how large corporations and the global financial system operate. Protesters believed these systems disproportionately benefit a small minority. This concentration of power can undermine democracy and cause instability.

Occupy Ljubljana crowd 1
Occupy Ljubljana crowd 1

To organize, activists used various web technologies and social media. They used platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Meetup to coordinate. Some used IRC, which is a type of text-based chat. The movement relied heavily on participatory democracy. This means people participate directly in making decisions. Much of this work happened in small groups called working groups. Any protester could have a say in these groups. Important decisions were often made at large meetings called General Assemblies.

Occupy Wall Street Washington Square Park 2011 Shankbone
Occupy Wall Street Washington Square Park 2011 Shankbone

During these General Assemblies, protesters used a consensus model. This model seeks to reach an agreement that everyone can support. To help with this process, they used specific hand signals. These signals allowed people to communicate clearly during large discussions.

Hands signals-Occupy-A4
Hands signals-Occupy-A4

Some groups even used a model community bill of rights. This document suggested laws to elevate the rights of citizens over corporations. In December 2011, a group called Occupy Homes began helping people. They assisted homeowners facing foreclosure due to bank practices. They planned to occupy homes and block evictions to help these families.

The movement drew inspiration from several previous protests. It looked to the Arab Spring and the Spanish Indignados movement. The Indignados movement began in Spain in mid-May 2011. It featured camps in Madrid and hundreds of other locations. The movement also drew from the 2009 Iranian Green Movement. Earlier in 2010, students at the University of California occupied campus buildings. They were protesting budget cuts and tuition hikes following the 2008 Great Recession. These student protests used the phrase "Occupy everything."

A Canadian group called the Adbusters Media Foundation helped start the specific Occupy Wall Street concept. They wanted to protest corporate influence on democracy. They also wanted to address the lack of legal consequences from the 2008 financial crisis. Kalle Lasn registered the website OccupyWallStreet.org on 9 June 2011. The first major protest, Occupy Wall Street, began on 17 September 2011. It took place in Zuccotti Park in Lower Manhattan. This date was the tenth anniversary of Wall Street reopening after the 11 September 2001 attacks.

Wallst14occupy
Wallst14occupy

The movement spread with incredible speed across the globe. By 9 October 2011, protests were active in over 951 cities. These protests occurred in 82 different countries. In the United States alone, there were over 600 participating communities. While the movement was most active in the U.S., it reached every inhabited continent. For the first month, police repression was minimal. However, this changed on 25 October 2011, when police moved to remove Occupy Oakland. By February 2012, authorities had evicted most major camps, including sites in London and Washington, D.C.

A central part of the movement was the slogan "We are the 99%." This phrase highlighted the massive gap in wealth. Between 1979 and 2007, the income of the top 1% grew by 275%. During that same time, the middle 60% of Americans saw only 40% growth. In 2007, the richest 1% owned 34.6% of total U.S. wealth. The bottom 80% of the population owned only 15%. This illustrates the Pareto principle, where wealth is concentrated among a few.

Occupy protesters, Bennington, VT
Occupy protesters, Bennington, VT
We are the 99% t-shirts at Occupy Wall Street
We are the 99% t-shirts at Occupy Wall Street

Critics often argued that the movement lacked specific, clear demands. Some leaders argued this lack of demands actually helped the movement grow. Others, like Naomi Wolf, argued they did have clear goals. They wanted to end the corrupting effect of money on politics. Other specific goals included tightening banking regulations and banning high-frequency trading. Some protesters also wanted to arrest those responsible for the 2008 financial crash. Despite the debates, the movement had a significant impact. An official at the Bank of England noted that protesters persuaded leaders to behave more morally.

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🖼️ Images & Media (25)
File:Occupy protesters, Bennington, VT.jpg
Occupy protesters, Bennington, VT.jpg
File:We are the 99% t-shirts at Occupy Wall Street.JPG
We are the 99% t-shirts at Occupy Wall Street.JPG
File:Occupy Wall Street Washington Square Park 2011 Shankbone.JPG
Occupy Wall Street Washington Square Park...
File:Hands signals-Occupy-A4.svg
Hands signals-Occupy-A4.svg
File:Wallst14occupy.jpg
Wallst14occupy.jpg
File:Occupy Ljubljana crowd 1.jpg
Occupy Ljubljana crowd 1.jpg
File:CarolineLucasBOI06Dec11.jpg
CarolineLucasBOI06Dec11.jpg
File:"Occupy DC" sign and tents from the Occupy Movement in downtown D.C.jpg
"Occupy DC" sign and tents from the...
File:Occupy Portland Prayer Vigil, Jan. 2013.jpg
Occupy Portland Prayer Vigil, Jan. 2013.jpg
File:Mashtots Park Movement.jpg
Mashtots Park Movement.jpg
File:OccupySydneyFebruary28 2012.jpg
OccupySydneyFebruary28 2012.jpg
File:ABr170613PZ 6227.JPG
ABr170613PZ 6227.JPG

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