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Squatting

society Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Squatting is the act of occupying land or a building without legal permission. This occurs when a person does not own the property or rent it from a landlord. Most squatting is residential, meaning people do so to find a place to live.

CircleN
CircleN

This practice often happens when people are homeless or living in poverty. They may find abandoned or unoccupied buildings to use as housing. In some cases, squatting is used as a form of protest or to conserve old buildings.

There are different ways that squatting functions in society. Some people use squats as self-managed social centres. These spaces can host community activities like free shops, cafés, or venues. They have even been used as pirate radio stations.

Rozbrat rowerownia
Rozbrat rowerownia

In industrialized nations, squatting is sometimes linked to political movements. These can include anarchist, autonomist, or socialist groups. In these contexts, the occupation of a space is often a deliberate political statement.

In many developing countries, squatting leads to the creation of informal settlements. These are often called shanty towns or slums. They are typically located on the edges of large cities. Residents build their own housing without the permission of landowners.

Cité soleil
Cité soleil

Because these areas are informal, they often lack basic infrastructure. This means there is no legal connection to electricity, water, or sewerage systems. In Brazil, these large settlements are known as favelas.

RiodeJaneiro-Favela
RiodeJaneiro-Favela

Different regions use different names for these types of settlements. In Argentina, they are called villa miseria. In Peru, they are known as pueblos jóvenes. In Guatemala and Uruguay, the term is asentamientos irregulares. In Turkey, a house built quickly without permission is called a gecekondu. These settlements often provide housing for poor workers and new migrants moving to cities.

Street dwellers in Mumbai
Street dwellers in Mumbai

History shows that squatting has several different roots. One early precursor was a practice called "déménagement à la cloche de bois." This was a "silent move-out" used by certain anarchist groups. It involved leaving a residence without telling the landlord and stopping rent payments. In the 1960s and 1970s, new movements appeared in Europe. People created freespaces in Denmark and the Netherlands, and social centres in Italy.

AnarchistSquatDemoGreece
AnarchistSquatDemoGreece

Large numbers of people live in squatter settlements around the world. A 2003 estimate by UN-Habitat stated that about one billion people lived in slums or squatter settlements. In Nigeria, nearly 70 percent of the population in Lagos lived in slums in 1995. South Africa has also seen massive growth in informal settlements. In the mid-1990s, about 7.7 million people lived in them. By 2004, that number had risen to an estimated 15 million people.

No Forvced Removals
No Forvced Removals

In Sudan, squatting is defined as building housing that contradicts urban planning and land laws. In Khartoum, there were an estimated 200,000 squatters by 2015. Other cities in Sudan, like Nyala and Wad Madani, also have large populations of squatters. In Zimbabwe, the distribution of land has been a point of dispute between peasant farmers and squatters. In 2005, an operation called Operation Murambatsvina evicted about 700,000 people. This event affected more than two million people in total.

People hold very different views on the legality and morality of squatting. Some argue it is a way to claim natural rights to the planet. The author Colin Ward suggested that squatting is the oldest mode of land tenure. However, others see it as a problem. UK police official Sue Williams stated that squatting can lead to anti-social behaviour. She noted it can cause nuisance and distress to local residents. In some countries, a legal concept called adverse possession exists. This allows someone to gain legal title to a property after occupying it for a certain period. This principle is used in England and the United States.

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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
File:CircleN.svg
CircleN.svg
File:No Forvced Removals.jpg
No Forvced Removals.jpg
File:The swimming pool area of the former Ducor Palace Hotel in Monrovia, Liberia.jpg
The swimming pool area of the former...
File:Street dwellers in Mumbai.jpeg
Street dwellers in Mumbai.jpeg
File:Rozbrat rowerownia.jpg
Rozbrat rowerownia.jpg
File:AnarchistSquatDemoGreece.jpg
AnarchistSquatDemoGreece.jpg
File:CSOA La Carboneria façana globus 2.jpg
CSOA La Carboneria façana globus 2.jpg
File:Chien-Rouge-p1020706.jpg
Chien-Rouge-p1020706.jpg
File:Raeumung Topf und Soehne-09.jpg
Raeumung Topf und Soehne-09.jpg
File:Reykjavik Squat, Iceland (3446319888).jpg
Reykjavik Squat, Iceland (3446319888).jpg
File:Squatting Graffiti in Rome.jpg
Squatting Graffiti in Rome.jpg
File:Ubica-panden.jpg
Ubica-panden.jpg

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