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Novartis

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Novartis AG is a major Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation. It is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland. The company is one of the largest pharmaceutical entities in the world. In 2024, it ranked as the eighth largest company by revenue. Within Europe, it is the third most valuable pharmaceutical company. It follows only Novo Nordisk and Roche in this specific ranking.

Novartis
Novartis

The company functions by manufacturing a wide variety of medicinal drugs. These products treat many different health conditions. For example, Novartis produces clozapine, which is known by the brand name Clozaril. It also manufactures valsartan, sold as Diovan. Other notable drugs include imatinib mesylate, also called Gleevec, and terbinafine, known as Lamisil. The company also makes cyclosporine, which is sold as Neoral or Sandimmune. These medicines are part of a massive global healthcare system.

Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research (54960816198)
Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research (54960816198)

Novartis was formed through a massive corporate merger in March 1996. This merger combined two Swiss companies named Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz. At the time of the merger, it was considered the largest corporate merger in history. The name Novartis is derived from the Latin terms "novae artes," meaning "new skills." During this process, the pharmaceutical and agrochemical divisions of both companies became the new entity. Other parts of the original businesses were sold or spun off. For instance, Ciba Specialty Chemicals became an independent company.

Sandoz-Logo
Sandoz-Logo

The history of these companies goes back to the 19th century. Ciba began in 1859 when Alexander Clavel produced fuchsine for silk-dyeing. Geigy was established in 1857 by Johann Rudolf Geigy-Merian and Johann Muller-Pack. They built a dyewood mill and a dye extraction plant in Basel. Sandoz was founded later, in 1886, by Alfred Kern and Edouard Sandoz. The Chemiefirma Kern und Sandoz first manufactured dyes like alizarin blue. By 1895, the company began producing the fever-reducing drug antipyrin.

Novartis Hyderabad office
Novartis Hyderabad office

Sandoz had a very diverse history of scientific discovery. In 1899, the company began producing the sugar substitute saccharin. In 1918, Arthur Stoll isolated ergotamine from ergot to treat migraines. A famous discovery occurred in 1943 at Sandoz laboratories. Arthur Stoll and Albert Hofmann discovered the psychedelic effects of LSD. Sandoz marketed LSD as a psychiatric drug called Delysid from 1947 until the mid-1960s. The company eventually withdrew the drug from the market in 1965.

Novartis has spent years refining its focus on healthcare through various business moves. In 2000, it divested its agrochemical and genetically modified crops business. This was done by spinning out Syngenta in partnership with AstraZeneca. In 2003, Novartis consolidated its generic drugs businesses into a single subsidiary. This subsidiary revived the Sandoz brand name. In 2005, Novartis expanded this division by acquiring Hexal and Eon Labs for $8.29 billion. In 2006, the company also acquired the California-based Chiron Corporation.

Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research (54960816198)
Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research (54960816198)

The company maintains a significant global presence to support its research and sales. It operates large facilities in different parts of the world. For example, it has a Knowledge Center headquarters in Hyderabad, India. It also maintains a major research headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Novartis is a full member of several important industry groups. These include the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) and the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO). It also belongs to the IFPMA and PhRMA. These connections help the company participate in the global pharmaceutical industry.

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File:Novartis Hyderabad office.jpg
Novartis Hyderabad office.jpg
File:Novartis_Institute_for_Biomedical_Research_(54960816198).jpg
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