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Ningxia

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Ningxia is officially known as the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. It is a unique administrative division located in Northwestern China. The region sits between the provinces of Shaanxi and Gansu. To the north, it shares a border with the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

YinChuan airport
YinChuan airport

Most of the land is sparsely settled and quite dry. The landscape includes deserts, hills, and the vast plains of the Yellow River. Some parts of the region lie on the Loess Plateau. The Helan Mountains also rise through the area. The highest point is Aobaogeda, which reaches 3,556 meters above sea level.

Helanshan
Helanshan

Water management is essential for life in this arid environment. For approximately 2,000 years, people have used an extensive system of canals. This network has a total length of about 1,397 kilometers. The construction of these canals began during the Qin dynasty. These canals were built to help alleviate severe water shortages. This is especially important in the Xihaigu area, which is very dry. Through land reclamation and irrigation projects, people have made more land available for farming. This system allows for cultivation in a region that would otherwise be too dry.

The history of Ningxia is deep and complex. Human activity in the area can be traced back 30,000 years. Evidence of the Shuidonggou culture was found in Lingwu. In the 11th to 13th centuries, the Tangut people established the Western Xia dynasty here. The Tanguts were highly advanced in many ways. They made great achievements in art, music, and architecture. They even invented their own unique Tangut script. Later, the Mongols conquered the region in the early 13th century.

108 Dagobas
108 Dagobas

Over many centuries, many different groups have moved through this frontier zone.

Today, Ningxia is home to about 6.8 million people. The region is an autonomous region for the Hui people. This means the Hui ethnic group has a special status in the government. About 36 percent of the population are Muslims from the Hui group. This makes up about 20 percent of the total Hui population in China. Historically, the people here relied on animal grazing and subsistence agriculture. They also grew wolfberries, which are used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Rich Nature Wolfberry Farm1 7-06
Rich Nature Wolfberry Farm1 7-06

These wolfberries are a common fruit throughout the region.

The economy of Ningxia has changed significantly since the 1980s. One major change has been the rise of the winemaking industry. This is now known as the premier specialty of the province. The region has dedicated almost 40,000 hectares to vineyards. In 2017, Ningxia produced 120 million bottles of wine. This amount represents one quarter of the entire nation's wine production. While Ningxia was once a very poor area, this industry has become economically important. It provides a new way for the region to grow.

The ground beneath Ningxia is very rich in natural resources. There are proven deposits of 34 different kinds of minerals. The potential value of these resources per person is 163.5 percent of the national average. Ningxia has massive coal reserves of over 30 billion tons. These deposits cover about one-third of the total surface area. The region also leads China in gypsum deposits. It has more than 4.5 billion tons of gypsum. Half of this is a very rare, top-grade type. Other resources include oil, natural gas, and quartz sandstone.

Environmental management is a major focus for the region today. Much of the land consists of grasslands, which covered about 34 percent of the surface in 2013. This is a decrease from about 40 percent in the 1990s. Scientists study whether these grasslands are degrading or facing desertification. To help protect the land, the government has used a grazing ban since 2003. This ban limits animal husbandry to enclosed pens during certain times. This rule helps manage the impact of animals on the semi-arid Loess Plateau and the northern steppes.

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File:108 Dagobas.JPG
108 Dagobas.JPG
File:Helanshan.jpg
Helanshan.jpg
File:Rich Nature Wolfberry Farm1 7-06.jpg
Rich Nature Wolfberry Farm1 7-06.jpg
File:YinChuan airport.jpg
YinChuan airport.jpg
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