Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Nicene Creed

philosophy religion Maturity 5-7 religion Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: religion. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

The Nicene Creed is a formal statement of Christian belief. It serves as a defining document for Nicene Christianity and many other denominations. A creed acts as a doctrinal statement to establish correct belief during times of controversy.

Rylands Nicene Creed papyrus
Rylands Nicene Creed papyrus

The term "creed" comes from the Greek word "symbolon." Originally, this referred to a piece of a broken object. When two halves were fitted together, they verified a person's identity. This concept evolved into the modern English word "symbol," meaning an outward sign of something internal.

This document was created to resolve deep theological conflicts. In the fourth century, many different views about divinity existed. One major dispute involved Arius, a clergyman from Alexandria. Arius argued against the idea of eternal generation. He objected to Bishop Alexander's view regarding the nature of the Father and the Son. These disagreements grew so large that they threatened the stability of the Roman Empire.

To address this, Emperor Constantine called the First Council of Nicaea in 325. The resulting creed explicitly affirmed that Jesus is "consubstantial with the Father." This technical term means he is of the same substance as the Father. The original 325 text also included anathemas, which were formal condemnations of Arian propositions.

The creed underwent a significant evolution through different historical stages. The first stage was the original Nicene Creed adopted in 325. The second stage occurred in 381 at the First Council of Constantinople. This council produced an amended version known as the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed.

This version is often simply called the Nicene Creed today. It differs from the 325 version by adding details about the Holy Spirit. The 381 version states the Holy Spirit is worshipped and glorified with the Father and the Son. This distinction is a major difference between the two historical forms.

Historians and scholars hold different views regarding the timeline of these changes. The Council of Chalcedon in 451 provides a traditional view of this history. It claimed the 381 amendment was consonant with the original Synod of Nice. However, some scholars note a "failure of evidence" for this specific claim. They point out that no one between 381 and 451 documented the creed in this specific light. Some suggest the 381 version might actually be an independent, older baptismal creed. They argue it was modified to look more like the 325 version rather than being a direct edit.

Despite these academic debates, the creed remains highly significant for many global traditions. It is a required profession of faith for the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches. It is also used by Lutheran, Anglican, and Methodist traditions. Many Protestant groups, such as the Reformed and Presbyterian churches, also adhere to it.

It is used alongside other statements like the Apostles' Creed and the Athanasian Creed. While the Athanasian Creed is more detailed, it is not used in Eastern Christianity. The Nicene Creed remains the only authoritative ecumenical statement accepted by so many diverse branches.

The creed is integrated into the daily and weekly life of many believers. In Western liturgical churches, it is often said after a sermon or homily. This usually happens during the Eucharist on Sundays or major festivals. In the Roman Rite Mass, it is recited after the homily on Sundays. The Byzantine Rite uses the creed during the Divine Liturgy. It is also recited daily at compline. In some musical settings, particularly in Latin, the creed is referred to by its first word, "Credo."

Understanding the creed requires looking at how it responds to specific errors. Thomas Aquinas noted that certain phrases were written to refute specific ideas. For example, the phrase regarding Jesus being made incarnate by the Holy Spirit refuted the Manicheans. This was meant to ensure believers believed he had true flesh. Other phrases were included to exclude the errors of Nestorius and Photinus. By defining what was true, the creed helped distinguish believers from those holding different views. This process of definition helped shape the structure of Christian theology for centuries.

666 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (1)
File:Rylands Nicene Creed papyrus.jpg
Rylands Nicene Creed papyrus.jpg
More to explore

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.