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National Mall

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The National Mall is a famous landscaped park in Washington, D.C. It is the capital city of the United States.

National mall (east) satellite image
National mall (east) satellite image

This park serves as a grand, symbolic setting for many government buildings. It also holds important national museums and memorials. The National Park Service manages the area as part of the National Mall and Memorial Parks unit. This park is a major destination for people around the world. It receives approximately 24 million visitors every year.

To understand the Mall, you must look at its layout. The core area extends from the United States Capitol in the east to the Washington Monument in the west.

WASNATMALL
WASNATMALL

It is lined on the north and south by various museums and federal office buildings. The term "National Mall" can also include neighboring areas. These include West Potomac Park to the south and west. It also includes Constitution Gardens to the north. The area can stretch as far as the Lincoln Memorial and the Jefferson Memorial.

The design of the Mall began with Pierre L'Enfant. In 1791, he created a plan for the city of Washington, D.C.

McMillan Plan
McMillan Plan

He envisioned a "grand avenue" that would be wide and lined with gardens. L'Enfant wanted this to be a democratic and egalitarian space. This means it was intended for everyone to use equally. This idea was different from the palace gardens at Versailles in France. Those gardens were often reserved for a privileged few.

DClandscape1846
DClandscape1846

The name "Mall" likely comes from a famous promenade in London. An 1802 map was the first to use the name for this area.

Many structures within the Mall are part of the Smithsonian Institution. This is a large group of museums and research centers.

National mall (east) satellite image
National mall (east) satellite image

The National Museum of Natural History opened in 1910. The National Museum of American History opened in 1964.

The National Air and Space Museum opened in 1976. The National Museum of the American Indian opened in 2004. Other sites include the Hirshhorn Museum and the Freer Gallery of Art. The National Gallery of Art is also located here, but it is not part of the Smithsonian.

The landscape is filled with many beautiful gardens. The Smithsonian Gardens maintains several of these spaces. These include the Enid A. Haupt Garden and the Mary Livingston Ripley Garden. Some gardens are designed for specific purposes. For example, the Pollinator Garden was established in 1995. There is also an Urban Bird Habitat that opened in 2020. These gardens add color and nature to the urban environment. They provide a peaceful setting near the busy city center.

The National Mall is a very large space. The distance between the Capitol steps and the Lincoln Memorial is 1.9 miles.

Aerial view of Lincoln Memorial - east side EDIT
Aerial view of Lincoln Memorial - east side EDIT

The distance from the Capitol steps to the Washington Monument is 1.2 miles. The area between the Ulysses S. Grant Memorial and the Lincoln Memorial covers 309.2 acres.

Washington, D.C Mai 2009 PD 005
Washington, D.C Mai 2009 PD 005

These large dimensions allow the park to host many people at once. The scale of the monuments helps create a sense of importance and dignity.

Beyond its beauty, the Mall is a vital civic space. It is a stage for national events and public gatherings. This is because it is a place where the right to free speech and peaceful assembly is expressed.

View of Crowd at 1963 March on Washington
View of Crowd at 1963 March on Washington

Many historic moments have happened here. People have gathered for large marches and presidential inaugurations.

Obama inaugural address
Obama inaugural address

To keep the focus on history, the park is kept free of commercial advertising. This helps maintain the dignity of the monuments and the memorials. It remains a central heart for the nation's capital.

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🖼️ Images & Media (41)
NPS national-mall-3d-map.pdf
File:National mall (east) satellite image.jpg
National mall (east) satellite image.jpg
File:A j downing urn 006.JPG
A j downing urn 006.JPG
File:Washington,_D.C_Mai_2009_PD_005.JPG
Washington,_D.C_Mai_2009_PD_005.JPG
File:National Mall - walking path.JPG
National Mall - walking path.JPG
File:19_03_19_Foto_do_dia_(47419854521).jpg
19_03_19_Foto_do_dia_(47419854521).jpg
File:Aerial view of Lincoln Memorial - east side EDIT.jpeg
Aerial view of Lincoln Memorial - east...
File:19-19-042-memorial.jpg
19-19-042-memorial.jpg
File:DC monument view from Lincoln memorial.jpg
DC monument view from Lincoln memorial.jpg
File:National World War II Memorial, Washington DC, July 2017.jpg
National World War II Memorial,...
File:Washington Monument with American flags on a gorgeous Fall day.jpg
Washington Monument with American flags...
File:Aerial view of Korean War Veterans Memorial.jpg
Aerial view of Korean War Veterans Memorial.jpg

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