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Nation of Islam

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The Nation of Islam (NOI) is a centralized and hierarchical religious organization.

Nation of Islam flag
Nation of Islam flag

It was founded in the United States in 1930. Scholars of religion often classify the group as a new religious movement. It is also described as an African American or black nationalist religion. The organization focuses heavily on the black African diaspora. It specifically emphasizes the experiences of African Americans. The group seeks to build an independent African American nation-state. It also promotes economic self-sufficiency and separatism.

Noi
Noi

The group's theology includes a unique succession of mortal gods. These gods are described as black men named Allah. The founder, Wallace Fard Muhammad, is considered the latest of these gods. The Nation teaches that the first Allah created the Original Asiatic Race. These original humans were dark-skinned and possessed inner divinity. According to the teachings, a scientist named Yakub later created the white race. This group was said to lack inner divinity. The Nation claims this led to global dominance through violence. The group also holds a millenarian tradition regarding the future. They believe Fard Muhammad will return on a spaceship. This return is expected to establish a utopia.

20051030-161112-08-E-Nation-of-Islam-mosque
20051030-161112-08-E-Nation-of-Islam-mosque

Practitioners follow a very disciplined and structured lifestyle. They adhere to strict dress codes and specific dietary requirements.

FruitOfIslam cropped retouched
FruitOfIslam cropped retouched

The organization maintains patriarchal gender roles. Men and women have specific roles and training programs. For example, men may join the Fruit of Islam. Women may participate in the Muslim Girls Training School. Members gather for worship in buildings called temples or mosques.

Mosque Maryam
Mosque Maryam

While some members may break rules privately, the group generally expects high levels of conformity.

Wallace Fard Muhammad established the Nation in Detroit. He drew from several existing influences. These included Garveyism and the Moorish Science Temple of America. Garveyism provided the focus on black nationalism and enterprise. The Moorish Science Temple promoted an idiosyncratic Islamic identity. After Fard Muhammad disappeared in 1934, Elijah Muhammad assumed leadership.

Elijah Muhammad NYWTS-2
Elijah Muhammad NYWTS-2

He expanded the teachings and built a large business empire. This empire included apartments, factories, farms, and a small bank.

YBMB2
YBMB2

During the 1950s and 1960s, the group gained significant national attention. High-profile members like Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali helped expand its influence.

The organization has undergone major changes over the decades. After Elijah Muhammad died in 1975, his son Wallace D. Muhammad took over. He moved the group toward Sunni Islam. He also renamed it the World Community of Islam in the West. However, some members wanted to keep Elijah Muhammad's original teachings. They re-established the Nation of Islam in 1977 under Louis Farrakhan.

Louis Farrakhan 2018
Louis Farrakhan 2018

Farrakhan expanded agricultural and economic operations. He also connected some teachings with Dianetics. By 2007, the group's membership was estimated at 50,000 people.

The Nation of Islam uses many Islamic terms and practices. Members use the Arabic language and pray five times a day.

Nation of Islam, SF 1990's
Nation of Islam, SF 1990's

Their flag is based on the flag of Turkey. Despite these similarities, the Nation differs from mainstream Islam. It does not accept the standard belief about the Prophet Muhammad. Many Muslim critics call the teachings heretical or "quasi-Islamic." They argue the group selectively adopts certain ideas. Other critics, like the Southern Poverty Law Center, label it a hate group. They point to the group's rhetoric regarding race and other social issues.

The Nation has also influenced several other religious groups. These include the Five-Percent Nation and the United Nation of Islam. Scholars note that the group shares traits with UFO religions. This is due to the prominence of spaceships in their teachings. The Nation is part of a broader "Black cultic milieu." This milieu includes groups like Rastafari and the Black Hebrew Israelites. It remains a significant example of an ethno-religious movement in America.

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🖼️ Images & Media (18)
File:Nation_of_Islam_flag.svg
Nation_of_Islam_flag.svg
File:Elijah Muhammad NYWTS-2.jpg
Elijah Muhammad NYWTS-2.jpg
File:Louis Farrakhan 2018.jpg
Louis Farrakhan 2018.jpg
File:Nation of Islam, SF 1990's.jpg
Nation of Islam, SF 1990's.jpg
File:Nation of Islam - Stranger 59 (16780377555).jpg
Nation of Islam - Stranger 59 (16780377555).jpg
File:Louis Farrakhan, Press Conference in Tehran - 13 February 2016.jpg
Louis Farrakhan, Press Conference in...
File:BLACK MUSLIM WOMEN DRESSED IN WHITE APPLAUD ELIJAH MUHAMMAD DURING THE DELIVERY OF HIS ANNUAL SAVIOR'S DAY MESSAGE IN... - NARA - 556245.jpg
BLACK MUSLIM WOMEN DRESSED IN WHITE...
File:TaWanda Boatner and Ava Muhammad an American Black Muslim. In 1998 First female Minister of the Nation of Islam.jpg
TaWanda Boatner and Ava Muhammad an...
File:20051030-161112-08-E-Nation-of-Islam-mosque.jpg
20051030-161112-08-E-Nation-of-Islam-mosque.jpg
File:A PORTION OF A CROWD OF SOME 10,000 MUSLIMS APPLAUD ELIJAH MUHAMMAD DURING THE DELIVERY OF HIS ANNUAL SAVIOR'S DAY... - NARA - 556243.jpg
A PORTION OF A CROWD OF SOME 10,000...
File:Nation of Islam at the Bud Billiken Parade 2015 (20402381246).jpg
Nation of Islam at the Bud Billiken...
File:Bean pie recipe.jpg
Bean pie recipe.jpg

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