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Multnomah Falls

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Multnomah Falls is a massive, two-tiered waterfall located in the Columbia River Gorge. It sits in the state of Oregon in the United States, specifically east of Troutdale between Corbett and Dodson. The falls are a major feature of Multnomah Creek, which flows through the area. Visitors can reach this natural landmark via Interstate 84 or the Historic Columbia River Highway. It holds the title of the tallest waterfall in the state of Oregon.

Multnomah Falls (3387949550)
Multnomah Falls (3387949550)

The waterfall's structure is defined by two distinct stages of falling water. The upper falls and the lower falls are separated by a small nine-foot drop in elevation. This specific layout is caused by a zone of basalt that erodes more easily at the base of the upper falls. When you combine both sections, the total height of the waterfall is conventionally recorded as 532 feet. The water itself is supplied by underground springs from Larch Mountain. These springs feed Multnomah Creek, which is also augmented by rainwater and snowpack runoff. The creek eventually drains into Benson Lake, located about 1,300 feet west of the falls.

Geologically, the falls formed approximately 15,000 years ago. This happened at the end of a hanging valley following the Missoula floods. The Multnomah tribe, after whom the falls are named, has a traditional creation story. They believe a young woman sacrificed herself to the Great Spirit to save her village from a plague. In their story, she jumped from the cliff, and water began to flow from above the cliff afterward. European explorers William Clark and Meriwether Lewis recorded the falls in their journals during their 1805 expedition. The name may have been popularized later by S. G. Reed to encourage steamboat excursions.

Development of the site as a tourist destination began in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In 1884, the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company operated a railway stop at the falls. This company originally used a timber bowstring truss bridge at the site, which was later dismantled in 1899. In 1915, Samuel C. Lancaster proposed a trail system to connect the base of the falls to Larch Mountain. This project received financial support from the Progressive Business Men's Club of Portland, the U.S. Forest Service, and financier Simon Benson. Benson also paid Italian stonemasons to build a bridge to improve visitor access.

The Shire
The Shire

Several historic structures remain vital to the site today. The Multnomah Creek Bridge was constructed in 1914 to carry the Historic Columbia River Highway across the creek. This bridge is a contributing structure to the highway's status as a National Historic Landmark. Another important structure is the Benson Footbridge, which is 45 feet long. It spans the lower falls at a height of 105 feet, offering views of the upper cascade. In 1925, the Multnomah Falls Lodge was completed. Designed by architect A. E. Doyle, the lodge uses a "Cascadian" architectural style. It features native split fieldstone and a steeply pitched cedar-shingled gable roof.

Multnomah Falls (December 2013) - 09
Multnomah Falls (December 2013) - 09

Multnomah Falls is a major destination for travelers in the Pacific Northwest. It attracts over two million visitors every year, making it the most-visited natural recreation site in that region. The site is a designated scenic area maintained by the state of Oregon. Visitors can use paved footpaths to reach an observation deck at an elevation of 1,100 feet. This deck provides a bird's-eye view of the Columbia Gorge and a small cascade called "Little Multnomah." Because the area is so popular, the parking lots often fill quickly during summer months. This leads to the use of gates and reader board signs to manage traffic.

While the falls are beautiful, the environment can be unpredictable. In 1991, a wildfire damaged land near the falls and forced the permanent closure of the Perdition Trail. In 1995, a 400-ton boulder fell from the waterfall face, causing minor injuries to people on the Benson Footbridge. More recently, in 2014, a falling rock damaged the bridge walkway and railing. The area also faced threats from the Eagle Creek Fire in 2017. Such events require the U.S. Forest Service to manage the site carefully to ensure safety.

Multnomah Falls (3387949550)
Multnomah Falls (3387949550)
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File:Multnomah Falls (3387949550).jpg
Multnomah Falls (3387949550).jpg
File:Multnomah Falls (December 2013) - 09.JPG
Multnomah Falls (December 2013) - 09.JPG
File:The Shire.jpg
The Shire.jpg
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