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Multiracial people

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Multiracial people are individuals with ancestry from two or more different races.

Keanu Reves in Mexico 2
Keanu Reves in Mexico 2

This is distinct from multi-ethnic people, who belong to more than one ethnicity. While these terms are often used together, they describe different aspects of human identity. Race is a classification often linked to visible physical characteristics or specific communities. Ethnicity refers to shared cultural traditions or backgrounds. Because different cultures define race in different ways, perceptions of mixed heritage can be subjective. Today, terms like multiracial, biracial, or mixed-race are generally accepted as respectful ways to describe these diverse identities.

Throughout history, many different terms have been used to describe people of mixed heritage. Some of these words are still used in specific cultural contexts. For example, in Canada, the Métis are a recognized ethnic group with European and Indigenous American descent. In South Africa, the term Coloured describes people of African, European, or Asian descent. However, many historical terms are now considered offensive or pejorative. Words like "half-caste" or "half-breed" are discouraged because they were often used to insult people. Even terms like "miscegenation," which once described unions between different racial groups, are now often viewed as controversial.

In the Americas, the history of colonization created complex racial categories. During the Spanish and Portuguese colonial periods, a wide variety of terms developed. For instance, the term "zambo" was used for people of both Native American and African descent. In Mexico and Peru, "Casta" paintings were even created to illustrate these different social classifications. In Brazil, racial identity is often tied to phenotype, which means physical appearance. Many Brazilians identify as "pardo," a term for mixed heritage. This can include people with Amerindian, European, and African origins, often called tri-racial.

Brazil Mixed Alone in 2022
Brazil Mixed Alone in 2022

Brazil provides a unique example of how these identities function in a large population. According to the 2022 census, 45.34% of Brazilians identified as pardo. This group includes various mixtures, such as "caboclo" (Amerindian and European) or "cafuzo" (African and Amerindian).

Machado de Assis aos 57 anos
Machado de Assis aos 57 anos

Because mixing has occurred over many generations, many Brazilians are aware of their broad ancestral roots without knowing every specific detail. Brazil also has large populations of descendants from Italian, Japanese, Lebanese, and German immigrants. Some families also have roots in the "Crypto-Jewish" community, where ancestors practiced Judaism in secret. This history has created one of the most diverse populations in the world.

In Madagascar, the formation of the Malagasy people resulted from two major migrations. Between the first and ninth centuries AD, Austronesian peoples arrived on canoes from across the Indian Ocean. At the same time, Bantu peoples crossed the Mozambique Channel from mainland Africa. These two groups intermixed to form the modern population.

Willie Apiata - Waitangi 2020 (cropped)
Willie Apiata - Waitangi 2020 (cropped)

Today, almost all Malagasy people have some degree of mixed descent. The genetic makeup of the average Malagasy person includes a roughly equal blend of Southeast Asian and East African genes. The specific balance of these ancestries varies depending on whether a person lives on the coast or in the central highlands.

Other regions show how trade and movement shape multiracial communities. In North Africa, the Haratin people are an ethnicity with both Sub-Saharan African and Berber ancestry. In the Caribbean, multiracial populations are officially the majority in several nations. For example, 73% of the population in the Dominican Republic is multiracial, and 68% in Aruba is multiracial.

San Martin de Porres huaycan
San Martin de Porres huaycan

In South Africa, the multiracial community is the second-largest ethnic group, making up 8.8% of the population according to the 2016 census.

Coloured-family
Coloured-family

This community grew despite the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949, which was not repealed until 1985.

In North America, the multiracial population is also experiencing significant growth. In Canada, the official mixed-race population was 1.5% in 2006, which was a 25% increase from the 2001 census.

Canada Census Multiple Visible Minority 1996 - 2016
Canada Census Multiple Visible Minority 1996 - 2016

Common combinations in Canada include people of mixed black and South Asian heritage. In the United States, census data continues to track the growing number of people identifying with two or more races.

US Census Two or More Races
US Census Two or More Races

These shifting demographics show how human history, migration, and social changes continue to reshape the way we understand identity and community across the globe.

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🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:Coloured-family.jpg
Coloured-family.jpg
File:Brazil_Mixed_Alone_in_2022.svg
Brazil_Mixed_Alone_in_2022.svg
File:Machado de Assis aos 57 anos.jpg
Machado de Assis aos 57 anos.jpg
File:Keanu Reves in Mexico 2.jpg
Keanu Reves in Mexico 2.jpg
File:Canada Census Multiple Visible Minority 1996 - 2016.png
Canada Census Multiple Visible Minority...
File:Rihanna Fenty 2018.png
Rihanna Fenty 2018.png
File:Bob Marley 1976 press photo.jpg
Bob Marley 1976 press photo.jpg
File:SeanPaulIRAWA.jpg
SeanPaulIRAWA.jpg
File:David Chariandy - 2019 (33495091058) (cropped).jpg
David Chariandy - 2019 (33495091058) (cropped).jpg
File:Nicki Minaj 2016.jpg
Nicki Minaj 2016.jpg
File:San Martin de Porres huaycan.jpg
San Martin de Porres huaycan.jpg
File:US Census Two or More Races.png
US Census Two or More Races.png

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