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Morrie Ryskind

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Morrie Ryskind was a versatile American writer who shaped much of early 20th-century entertainment.

He worked as a dramatist, a lyricist, and a writer of theatrical productions and movies. A lyricist is a person who writes the words for songs. Beyond writing, Ryskind also worked as a director for several stage productions. His career spanned many decades, moving from the bright lights of Broadway to the movie studios of Hollywood. He eventually became a known figure in conservative political activism during his later years.

Writing for the stage and screen required intense collaboration and a sharp sense of timing. Ryskind often worked alongside other major creators to build successful stories. He had a long-standing partnership with George S. Kaufman on many Broadway hits. He also collaborated frequently with the famous composer George Gershwin. For the film *A Night at the Opera* in 1935, Ryskind used a specific "cleanup process" to perfect the script.

He would watch the Marx Brothers perform sections of the play in front of live audiences. By observing the crowd, he could determine exactly which lines worked and which did not. This method ensured the comedy was as effective as possible for the screen.

Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, Ryskind contributed to several distinct types of entertainment. He wrote musical books, which are the spoken dialogue and structures of a musical. He also wrote screenplays, the written scripts used to film movies. Some of his most famous work involved the Marx Brothers. He wrote the book for the Broadway musical *Animal Crackers* in 1929 with Kaufman. He later wrote the film versions of *The Cocoanuts* in 1929 and *Animal Crackers* in 1930. He also rewrote the stage version of *Room Service* in 1938 to make the plot fit the Marx Brothers' style.

His professional achievements earned him some of the highest honors in his field. In 1933, Ryskind won the Pulitzer Prize for drama.

Pulitzer Medal - obverse
Pulitzer Medal - obverse

This prestigious award was for the Broadway production *Of Thee I Sing*. He co-wrote this musical with George S. Kaufman and George Gershwin. Ryskind also received significant recognition from the film industry. He was nominated for an Academy Award twice for his writing. His first nomination was for the 1936 film *My Man Godfrey*. His second nomination came in 1937 for the film *Stage Door*.

Pulitzer Medal - reverse
Pulitzer Medal - reverse

History shows that Ryskind's life was marked by significant shifts in his personal beliefs. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Russian Jewish immigrants named Ida and Abraham Ryskind. While attending Columbia University, he faced suspension in 1917. This happened after he published a critique of university president Nicholas Murray Butler in the *Jester* magazine. For many years, Ryskind was a member of the Socialist Party of America. During the 1930s, he even performed sketches at party-sponsored antiwar events. However, he eventually split from the party's Old Guard faction and moved toward the political right.

By 1940, Ryskind had abandoned the Democratic Party entirely. He opposed President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's attempt at a third term. To show his support for the Republican nominee, Wendell Willkie, Ryskind wrote a campaign song. His political life involved many connections to influential thinkers. He was friends with writers like Ayn Rand and John Dos Passos. He also maintained ties to William F. Buckley Jr. and Ronald Reagan. In 1947, he appeared as a "friendly witness" before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).

Ryskind believed this appearance was the reason he never sold another script.

In his final decades, Ryskind remained an active voice in public discourse. In the 1950s, he wrote articles for *The Freeman*. He also served as a board member for the American Jewish League Against Communism in 1954. Starting in 1960, he wrote a feature column for the *Los Angeles Times* that lasted for 11 years. He promoted conservative ideas through this column until 1971. He eventually shared his life story in his autobiography, *I Shot an Elephant in My Pajamas: The Morrie Ryskind Story*. This book provides a detailed look at his journey from the theater to his political conversion.

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File:Pulitzer Medal - reverse.png
Pulitzer Medal - reverse.png
File:Pulitzer Medal - obverse.png
Pulitzer Medal - obverse.png
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