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Missouri River

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The Missouri River is a huge and vital part of North America. It is the longest river in the United States. The river starts high in the Rocky Mountains in Montana. It flows east and south across the wide Great Plains. Eventually, it meets the Mississippi River near St. Louis, Missouri.

Missouri-Mississippi confluence
Missouri-Mississippi confluence

This river is part of a massive system. When it joins the Mississippi, they form the fourth-longest river system in the world. The river drains a massive area of land. This watershed covers more than 500,000 square miles.

Missouri-bismarck-nd-2004-1
Missouri-bismarck-nd-2004-1

Water moves through the river in a very specific way. It begins from three different streams in the mountains. One long stream starts near Brower's Spring in Montana. This water flows through several rivers like the Red Rock and the Jefferson. Other streams come from Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. These streams join together to form the official Missouri River.

Yellowstone River, flowing through Paradise Valley
Yellowstone River, flowing through Paradise Valley

The river then winds through many different landscapes. It flows through canyons and badlands called the Missouri Breaks. It also passes through many large reservoirs. These are huge lakes made by building dams.

Holter Lake
Holter Lake

Many different people have lived near this river for a long time. For over 12,000 years, Native Americans used the water to live. Many groups lived in the area and moved around to find food. They often followed huge herds of bison on the Great Plains.

A Mandan village 0049v cropped
A Mandan village 0049v cropped

Later, Europeans arrived in the late 1600s. The land was held by Spain and France before the United States bought it. In the 1800s, the river became a main path for moving west. Trappers used it for the fur trade.

George Caleb Bingham - Boatmen on the Missouri - Google Art Project
George Caleb Bingham - Boatmen on the Missouri - Google Art Project

Soon, pioneers used covered wagons and steamboats to travel.

Yellowstone (steamboat) aground
Yellowstone (steamboat) aground

Today, the river is managed by many large structures. There are fifteen dams on the main part of the river. Hundreds more dams sit on the smaller rivers that join it. These dams help control floods and make electricity. They also create some of the biggest lakes in the country.

Fort Peck Dam (Fort Peck Montana) 1986 01
Fort Peck Dam (Fort Peck Montana) 1986 01

Lake Sakakawea, Lake Oahe, and Fort Peck Lake are three very large ones. The river also helps farmers grow food. About one-fourth of all U.S. farmland is in this watershed. This area provides a lot of the world's wheat and oats.

Nishnabotna River aerial
Nishnabotna River aerial

The Missouri River connects many different states and climates. It touches ten U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The weather can be very different depending on where you are. In the north, winters are very cold and harsh. In the summer, it can be very warm and wet.

Missouririver1
Missouririver1

Many big cities sit near the river. Denver, Colorado, is a very large city in the watershed. Other major cities include Omaha, Kansas City, and St. Louis.

Missouri-bismarck-nd-2004-1
Missouri-bismarck-nd-2004-1

While the river helps people, it has also changed the land. Building near the water has affected the fish and wildlife. It has also changed the quality of the water itself.

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🖼️ Images & Media (26)
File:Holter Lake.jpg
Holter Lake.jpg
File:Missouri-bismarck-nd-2004-1.jpg
Missouri-bismarck-nd-2004-1.jpg
File:Yellowstone River, flowing through Paradise Valley.jpg
Yellowstone River, flowing through...
File:Corp of Eng. 6-16-11A 267.JPG
Corp of Eng. 6-16-11A 267.JPG
File:Missouri-Mississippi confluence.jpg
Missouri-Mississippi confluence.jpg
File:A Mandan village 0049v cropped.jpg
A Mandan village 0049v cropped.jpg
File:PawneeVillasur1720.jpg
PawneeVillasur1720.jpg
File:Map of Lewis and Clark's Track, Across the Western Portion of North America, published 1814.jpg
Map of Lewis and Clark's Track, Across...
File:George Caleb Bingham 001.jpg
George Caleb Bingham 001.jpg
File:Fort Clack on the Missouri february 1834 0048v.jpg
Fort Clack on the Missouri february 1834 0048v.jpg
File:George Caleb Bingham - Boatmen on the Missouri - Google Art Project.jpg
George Caleb Bingham - Boatmen on the...
File:Karl Bodmer Travels in America (43).jpg
Karl Bodmer Travels in America (43).jpg

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