Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Mirwais Hotak

society Maturity 5-7 death dying Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: death_dying. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Mirwais Hotak was a powerful Afghan leader from the Ghilji tribe. He lived in the Kandahar region of modern-day Afghanistan. He was the founder of the Hotak dynasty, a short-lived ruling family. Many people call him Mirwais Baba, which means "Mirwais the Grandfather." He was known for being intelligent, well-mannered, and very wealthy.

His leadership helped the Afghan people seek independence from foreign rule.

Before his rise, Kandahar was governed by George XI of Kartli. George was a Georgian general serving the Safavid Persian Empire. He was sent to Kandahar to stop suspected rebellions. However, George treated the local Sunni Afghan population very poorly. He seized their goods, women, and children. His Shi‘ite Georgian soldiers also disrespected local Sunni mosques. These actions caused deep resentment among the Afghan tribes.

George XI of Kartli repaired
George XI of Kartli repaired

Mirwais Hotak used clever diplomacy to prepare for a revolt. He first traveled to Isfahan, the Persian capital. There, he convinced the Safavid ruler, Sultan Husayn, that George was a threat. This led the Shah to reappoint Mirwais to his influential position. Mirwais also went on a pilgrimage to Mecca. He asked religious leaders if it was lawful to fight for freedom from an unfair ruler. The leaders said yes. This gave him the religious approval he needed for a rebellion.

To start the revolt, Mirwais used a clever trick. George XI demanded that Mirwais give him his daughter. Mirwais instead sent a young girl disguised as his daughter. While the Persians were distracted, Mirwais organized the local tribes. He invited George and his Georgian bodyguards to a banquet. During the meal, Mirwais and his allies killed George.

Map of Afghanistan during the Safavid and Moghul Empire
Map of Afghanistan during the Safavid and Moghul Empire

Mirwais then led his men into Kandahar to take control.

After the coup, Mirwais had to defend his new territory. The Persian Empire sent several armies to stop him. In 1710, a Persian force attempted to retake Kandahar. Mirwais led over 5,000 cavalrymen to defeat them. Later, a massive Persian army of 42,000 men arrived under Khusru Khan. Mirwais used scorched earth tactics to fight them. This means he destroyed the land and supplies around Kandahar. This strategy caused Khusru Khan to lose two-thirds of his force. Eventually, the Persian army was destroyed, and Khusru Khan was killed.

Despite these victories, the Persian Empire continued to struggle. They sent many more expeditions, but they often failed due to a lack of money. In 1712, a leader named Mohammad Zaman Khan could not complete his mission because of funding issues. In 1713, another group of 500 soldiers marched toward the east with no money and only sticks for weapons. These failures showed how much the Hotak rebellion had weakened the Persian government's resources.

Mirwais Hotak ruled until his death in November 1715. He was succeeded by his brother, Abdul Aziz. Later, Mirwais's son, Mahmud, took control. Mahmud even conquered parts of Persia in 1717. Today, Mirwais is a national hero in Afghanistan. Many Pashtun people admire him for his courage. Some historians even compare him to George Washington.

KandaharMosque02
KandaharMosque02

You can visit his mausoleum in the Kokaran section of Kandahar to honor his memory.

518 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Map of Afghanistan during the Safavid and Moghul Empire.jpg
Map of Afghanistan during the Safavid and...
File:George XI of Kartli repaired.jpg
George XI of Kartli repaired.jpg
File:Map of the Hotak Empire 1715, Mirwais Hotak.png
Map of the Hotak Empire 1715, Mirwais Hotak.png
File:KandaharMosque02.JPG
KandaharMosque02.JPG
More to explore

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.