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Millard Fillmore

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Millard Fillmore was the 13th president of the United States.

Mfillmore
Mfillmore

He served from 1850 to 1853. He holds a unique place in American history. He was the last president to belong to the Whig Party. He was also the last president who was neither a Democrat nor a Republican. Fillmore entered the presidency through succession. He was elected vice president in 1848. When President Zachary Taylor died in 1850, Fillmore became the leader of the country.

TaylorFillmore
TaylorFillmore

Fillmore’s early life was defined by extreme poverty.

Fillmorebirth
Fillmorebirth

He was born on January 7, 1800, in a log cabin in New York. His parents, Nathaniel and Phoebe Fillmore, were tenant farmers. Because of their difficult financial situation, Millard had almost no formal schooling. He worked as a clothmaker apprentice and at a mill to survive. To educate himself, he bought a share in a circulating library. He read as many books as he could find. Eventually, he became a law clerk for Judge Walter Wood. This allowed him to study law and eventually pass the bar in 1823.

His career in law and local politics helped him rise to national prominence.

MFillmore-congressman
MFillmore-congressman

After moving to Buffalo, he became a successful attorney. He also helped draft the city charter for Buffalo. His political journey began with the Anti-Masonic Party. He later joined the Whig Party in the mid-1830s. The Whigs were a major party that supported economic growth. They wanted to fund internal improvements like roads, bridges, and canals. Fillmore served in the New York Assembly starting in 1828. He was also elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1832.

In Washington, Fillmore worked closely with influential leaders.

Unidentified Artist - Millard Fillmore - Google Art Project
Unidentified Artist - Millard Fillmore - Google Art Project

He became a supporter of Senator Daniel Webster. Fillmore also faced political rivals within his own party. These included Thurlow Weed and William H. Seward. While Fillmore believed slavery was evil, he argued the federal government lacked the power to end it. This was a different view than Seward, who believed the government should play a role. These disagreements over slavery would eventually change the American political landscape.

As president, Fillmore focused on the Compromise of 1850.

Henry Clay Senate3 crop
Henry Clay Senate3 crop

This was a series of laws intended to create a truce regarding slavery. One major part of this was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. This law required the return of escaped slaves to those claiming ownership. The act was very controversial and caused much anger. Fillmore felt he was duty-bound to enforce the law. However, his support for the act damaged his popularity. It also contributed to the breaking apart of the Whig Party.

Fillmore’s presidency also involved important foreign policy decisions. He supported U.S. Navy expeditions to open trade with Japan. He also opposed French attempts to take control of Hawaii. However, he faced embarrassment regarding Narciso López and his expeditions to Cuba. After his term ended, Fillmore joined the American Party, also known as the Know Nothings. This group focused on anti-immigration and anti-Catholic policies. Fillmore ran for president again in 1856 but lost to Democrat James Buchanan.

ElectoralCollege1856
ElectoralCollege1856

During the American Civil War, Fillmore remained a public figure. He spoke out against secession, which is the act of states leaving the Union. He believed the Union must be maintained, even if it required force. He was also critical of President Abraham Lincoln’s war policies. After the war, he supported the Reconstruction policies of President Andrew Johnson. Fillmore stayed involved in civic life and helped found the University of Buffalo in 1846.

Fillmore Gravesite, Buffalo, NY
Fillmore Gravesite, Buffalo, NY

He died on March 8, 1874. Historians often rank him among the least memorable or most difficult presidents due to his handling of slavery.

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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
File:Fillmorebirth.jpg
Fillmorebirth.jpg
File:Millard Fillmore House Sep 12.jpg
Millard Fillmore House Sep 12.jpg
File:Unidentified Artist - Millard Fillmore - Google Art Project.jpg
Unidentified Artist - Millard Fillmore -...
File:MFillmore-congressman.jpg
MFillmore-congressman.jpg
File:TaylorFillmore.jpg
TaylorFillmore.jpg
File:ElectoralCollege1848.svg
ElectoralCollege1848.svg
File:Millard Fillmore crop.jpg
Millard Fillmore crop.jpg
File:Henry Clay Senate3 crop.jpg
Henry Clay Senate3 crop.jpg
File:Slave kidnap post 1851 boston.jpg
Slave kidnap post 1851 boston.jpg
File:Mfillmore.jpeg
Mfillmore.jpeg
File:Appletons' Donelson Andrew Jackson.jpg
Appletons' Donelson Andrew Jackson.jpg
File:ElectoralCollege1856.svg
ElectoralCollege1856.svg

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