Methodism

Methodism is a prominent Protestant Christian tradition. Its origins and practices derive from the life of John Wesley.

It began as a revival movement within Anglicanism during the 18th century. This movement started within the Church of England. Eventually, it became a separate denomination after Wesley died. Today, the tradition has approximately 80 million adherents worldwide. Most Methodist denominations are members of the World Methodist Council.

Wesleyan theology focuses on the transforming effect of faith. It emphasizes sanctification, which is the process of growing in grace. This process aims to change a person's character. Followers strive to live a victorious life over sin. Methodists define sin as a voluntary transgression of a known law of God. This belief leads to several distinguishing doctrines. These include the new birth, assurance, and imparted righteousness. They also emphasize obedience to God through works of piety.

Methodist worship includes a wide variety of forms. Some groups use high church liturgical practices. Others prefer low church styles. The movement is also known for tent revivals and camp meetings.

Specific traditions include the quarterly lovefeast. They also observe the watchnight service on New Year's Eve. Altar calls are common for experiencing the new birth. During services, congregants often share prayer requests and salvation testimonies. These practices help encourage people in their Christian life.

The movement began with the Wesley brothers at Oxford University.

John Wesley and Charles Wesley founded the "Holy Club." This group met weekly to live a holy life. They practiced regular fasting and visited the sick and prisoners. In 1735, the brothers traveled to America as missionaries. They worked with colonists and Native Americans. After returning to England, John Wesley had a pivotal experience. In 1738, he felt his heart "strangely warmed" at Aldersgate.

This event is celebrated annually as Aldersgate Day.

Early leaders held different theological views regarding salvation. John Wesley followed the Arminian doctrine. This view holds that Jesus Christ died for all humanity. It suggests salvation is achievable for everyone.

In contrast, George Whitefield was a Calvinistic Methodist. He held the Calvinist position of predestination. This view suggests God chooses a select group for salvation. These disagreements caused tension between Wesley and Whitefield. However, they eventually restored their friendship despite these doctrinal differences.

Methodism grew through vigorous missionary work and open-air preaching.

Preachers often spoke in fields, collieries, and churchyards. They targeted people neglected by the Church of England. This included social outcasts and criminals. In Britain, the movement affected the developing working class between 1760 and 1820. In the United States, it became the religion of many slaves. These individuals later formed black churches in the Methodist tradition.

The movement is deeply connected to social service and charity. Methodists practice the Social Gospel to serve others. They believe works of mercy flow from the love of God.

This led to the establishment of hospitals and orphanages. They also created soup kitchens and schools. Historically, Methodists practiced nonconformity to the world. This included commitments to sobriety and the prohibition of gambling. They also observed regular class meetings and a weekly Friday fast. Finally, the tradition is known for its rich musical hymnody. Charles Wesley was instrumental in writing many of these hymns.