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Martin Behaim

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Martin Behaim was a German textile merchant and cartographer from Nuremberg.

Martin Behaim portrait
Martin Behaim portrait

He lived during a time of great exploration in Europe. Behaim is most famous for creating the Erdapfel. This name means "earth apple" in German. The Erdapfel is recognized as the oldest known terrestrial globe in existence. It provides a unique window into how people viewed the world in 1492. This was the very year Christopher Columbus began his famous voyage.

Behaims Erdapfel
Behaims Erdapfel

Behaim was born in Nuremberg on October 6, 1459. He was the oldest son of Martin Behaim and Agnes Schopper. His father was a successful merchant who traded throughout Europe. This included major trading hubs like Venice. Because his family was prosperous, Behaim likely received a high-quality education. He studied at one of the best grammar schools in Nuremberg. Some early biographers claimed he studied under the mathematician Regiomontanus. However, modern historians find no evidence to support this claim.

Nuernberg-behaim-denkmal-v-so
Nuernberg-behaim-denkmal-v-so

After his father died in 1474, Behaim began his career in the cloth trade. At age 15, his uncle Leonhard sent him to Mechelen in Flanders. He worked with a clothing vendor named Jorius van Dorpp. Behaim eventually moved to Antwerp to find better business prospects. Antwerp was a leading center for the cloth trade at that time. In 1484, Behaim moved to Lisbon, Portugal. Lisbon was a major hub for trading gold, spices, and slaves from Africa.

Behaim Eastern Hemisphere
Behaim Eastern Hemisphere

In Portugal, Behaim became a counselor to King John II. The King knighted him on February 18, 1485. Some historians believe he advised the King on navigation and astronomy. However, there is no documentary evidence for these specific scientific contributions. It is possible he acted as an importer of scientific instruments. Nuremberg was famous for producing the finest instruments of that era. Behaim may have also participated in a trading voyage to Guinea. This voyage was likely led by João Afonso de Aveiro around 1485.

Behaim Western Hemisphere
Behaim Western Hemisphere

In 1490, Behaim returned to Nuremberg for three years. He convinced the city council to finance a special project. He directed a team of artisans to build a terrestrial globe. An artist named Georg Glockendon created the map drawings. These drawings were painted onto parchment strips. The strips were then pasted onto a sphere made of papier-mache. The sphere was coated with gypsum to finish it. The globe is about 21 inches or 51 centimeters in diameter.

Martin Behaim 1492 Ocean Map
Martin Behaim 1492 Ocean Map

The Erdapfel is incredibly detailed for its time. It contains more than 2,000 different place names. There are also 100 pictorial illustrations of various subjects. These include 48 banners and 15 coats of arms. The globe features more than 50 long legends or notes. These notes describe plants, animals, and even mythical monsters. Many notes also reference famous travelers like Marco Polo. The map was based on the geography of the second-century scholar Ptolemy. It also used information from explorers like Diogo Gomes.

Conceptions Colomb map-en
Conceptions Colomb map-en

Because the globe was made in 1492, it lacks modern data. It does not show the Americas or recent Portuguese discoveries. It also contains several geographical errors. Some historians have debated Behaim's true accomplishments. For example, one writer claimed Behaim discovered America before Columbus. There is no evidence that Behaim ever sailed west. Other claims suggest he helped Magellan find a sea passage. Historians now doubt he had direct knowledge of such a passage. Behaim died in a Lisbon hospice on July 29, 1507. The globe is now kept in the German National Museum in Nuremberg.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Martin_Behaim portrait.jpg
Martin_Behaim portrait.jpg
File:Nuernberg-behaim-denkmal-v-so.jpg
Nuernberg-behaim-denkmal-v-so.jpg
File:Behaim Eastern Hemisphere.jpg
Behaim Eastern Hemisphere.jpg
File:Behaims Erdapfel.jpg
Behaims Erdapfel.jpg
File:Behaim Western Hemisphere.jpg
Behaim Western Hemisphere.jpg
File:Martin Behaim 1492 Ocean Map.png
Martin Behaim 1492 Ocean Map.png
File:Conceptions Colomb map-en.svg
Conceptions Colomb map-en.svg
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