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Marie Laveau

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Marie Catherine Laveau was a prominent Louisiana Creole practitioner of Voodoo in nineteenth-century New Orleans. She served as a religious leader, a midwife, and an herbalist. Many people recognized her as a Voodoo queen or a priestess. She was a central figure in the spiritual and social life of her community. Her influence reached across different social classes in the city.

MarieLaveauMausoleum
MarieLaveauMausoleum

Laveau's career involved several interconnected roles that allowed her to build significant social capital. She operated a beauty parlor where she worked as a hairdresser for wealthy families. In this role, she listened to the gossip of her patrons and their servants. She used this information to provide practical advice during her Voodoo consultations. This helped her build a reputation as a clairvoyant, or someone who can see the future. She also sold gris gris, which are charms used to help wishes come true. She performed her spiritual services in three specific locations: her home on St. Ann Street, Congo Square, and Lake Pontchartrain.

Her spiritual practice was deeply integrated into the community's daily needs. Laveau provided herbal remedies and prayers to those suffering during the yellow fever epidemic of 1878. She also visited prisoners who were sentenced to death. According to her daughter, Philomène, Marie would prepare the men's last meals and pray with them. She followed Catholic traditions during these visits and was described as a devout member of the Catholic communion. Additionally, she sought legal pardons or commutations of sentences for people she favored. She also provided spiritual rituals for those in need without charging a fee.

Laveau was the third female leader of Voodoo in New Orleans. The first leader was Sanité Dédé, who was later succeeded by Marie Saloppé. Laveau maintained her authority as a leader for many years. Even when someone attempted to challenge her leadership in 1850, she remained in power. Her influence was so great that New Orleans Voodoo lost many followers after her death. Her daughter, Marie Laveau II, continued the tradition. Marie II used more theatrical methods, such as holding public rituals at Bayou St. John on St. John's Eve.

Historical records provide specific details about Laveau's early life and family. She was born a free woman of color on September 10, 1801, in the French Quarter. At the time, Louisiana was under Spanish colonial administration. Her mother, Marguerite D'Arcantel, had African, European, and Native American ancestry. In 1819, Marie married Jacques Paris, a carpenter from Saint-Domingue. After Paris likely died in 1823, Laveau entered a domestic partnership with Christophe Dominick Duminy de Glapion. They had seven children together, though records suggest they may have had as many as 15 children and grandchildren in total. Only two of their daughters, Marie-Héloïse and Marie-Philomène, survived into adulthood.

Marie Laveau died on June 15, 1881, at the age of 79. Her death was reported in many newspapers, including the Daily Picayune and the Staxton Spectator. Her funeral was described as lavish and attended by a diverse crowd, including the white elite. Many people believe she is buried in plot 347 of the Glapion family crypt in Saint Louis Cemetery No. 1.

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MarieLaveauGrave

Today, Laveau remains a powerful figure in popular culture and folklore. Many tourists visit her tomb to make wishes. A common tradition involves drawing three X marks on the stone and knocking on the tomb. Because of this, the tomb has faced issues with vandalism. In 2013, the tomb was covered in pink latex paint, which had to be carefully removed. To protect the family tombs, the Archdiocese of New Orleans now requires visitors to use a guide. Her legacy lives on through many songs, paintings, and books, such as Zora Neale Hurston's 1935 book, Mules and Men.

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