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Malayan tapir

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The Malayan tapir, known scientifically as Tapirus indicus, is a unique mammal from Southeast Asia.

Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) (8729168612)
Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) (8729168612)

It is the only living tapir species found outside of the Americas. These animals inhabit the primary and secondary lowland tropical forests of Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand. Because their population is estimated to have fewer than 2,500 mature individuals, they have been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008. They play a vital role in their forest ecosystems as large herbivores.

Physical appearance is one of the most striking features of the Malayan tapir.

Schabrackentapir Tapirus indicus Tiergarten-Nuernberg-8
Schabrackentapir Tapirus indicus Tiergarten-Nuernberg-8

They possess a disrupted coloration pattern that provides effective camouflage. Black hair covers their head, shoulders, and legs. A large white patch extends from their shoulders to their hindquarters. White hair also covers the tips of their ears. This pattern breaks up their physical outline against dense flora. When lying down to sleep, a predator might mistake the tapir for a large rock.

Tapir hooves
Tapir hooves

The anatomy of the Malayan tapir is highly specialized for life in the forest. They are the largest of the four living tapir species. An adult can weigh between 250 and 350 kilograms. They possess a long, flexible proboscis, which is a trunk-like nose. This nose is supported by specific skull adaptations. These include a large sagittal crest and an unusually shaped cranium. The species also has four toes on each front foot and three on each back foot.

Malayan Tapir Skull
Malayan Tapir Skull

Vision is not a primary sense for the Malayan tapir. Their eyes are small and positioned on the sides of the face. They have brown irises, but the corneas often have a blue haze. This corneal cloudiness may be caused by repeated exposure to light. This haze makes it harder for the eye to focus light. Consequently, they rely heavily on their excellent sense of smell and hearing to navigate. This reliance is important because they are crepuscular, meaning they are most active at dawn and dusk.

Princess Tapir sleeping
Princess Tapir sleeping

The life cycle of a Malayan tapir begins with a long gestation period. This period lasts between 390 and 395 days. A single calf is born weighing approximately 40 kilograms. Unlike other tapir species, Malayan tapir calves are born with brown hair featuring white stripes and spots. This juvenile coat helps them hide in dappled forest light. The adult black-and-white pattern appears between four and seven months after birth. Females usually produce one calf every two years and can live up to 30 years.

TapirSkelLyd2
TapirSkelLyd2

Scientists have worked to understand the history and taxonomy of this species. Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest proposed the name Tapirus indicus in 1819. In 1926, a Dutch zoologist described a melanistic, or all-black, version of the species from Sumatra. Modern phylogenetic analyses, which study evolutionary relationships, show the species is monophyletic. DNA comparisons show they are a sister group to the Tapirus species in the Americas. They are estimated to have genetically diverged during the Late Oligocene epoch.

Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) (8729168612)
Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) (8729168612)

The Malayan tapir faces significant threats from human activity. The primary danger is habitat loss caused by deforestation. Large areas of forest in Malaysia and Thailand are being converted into oil palm plantations. This causes habitat fragmentation, where forests are broken into smaller, isolated pieces. Between 2006 and 2010, fragmentation in Peninsular Malaysia displaced 142 tapirs. Some of these animals were killed in vehicle collisions. Protecting large, connected tracts of forest is essential for their survival.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:TapirSkelLyd2.png
TapirSkelLyd2.png
File:Malayan Tapir Skull.jpg
Malayan Tapir Skull.jpg
File:Tapir hooves.jpg
Tapir hooves.jpg
File:Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) (8729168612).jpg
Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) (8729168612).jpg
File:Princess Tapir sleeping.JPG
Princess Tapir sleeping.JPG
File:Schabrackentapir Tapirus indicus Tiergarten-Nuernberg-8.jpg
Schabrackentapir Tapirus indicus...
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