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M134 Minigun

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The M134 Minigun is a high-speed, six-barrel rotary machine gun used by the United States military. It uses 7.62×51mm NATO ammunition, which is standard rifle ammunition. This specific caliber is why the weapon is called a "gun" rather than an autocannon. The name "Mini" comes from its smaller size compared to the 20 mm M61 Vulcan cannon. The M134 can fire at a very high rate. It can reach between 2,000 and 6,000 rounds per minute.

Royal Navy Minigun
Royal Navy Minigun

The mechanism of the Minigun relies on a rotating barrel assembly. It uses an external power source, which is usually an electric motor, to spin the barrels. The gun consists of multiple closed-bolt rifle barrels arranged in a circular housing. This rotary design allows the weapon to perform several tasks at once. While one barrel is firing, two other barrels are extracting empty shells. At the same time, three other barrels are busy loading new rounds.

HH-3-minigun-vietnam-19681710
HH-3-minigun-vietnam-19681710

This continuous cycle prevents the barrels from overheating. It also helps to prevent the jams that often happen with single-barrel guns.

Modern versions of the Minigun have many different names and parts. The U.S. Army uses the M134 or XM196 designations. The U.S. Air Force and Navy use the GAU-2/A or GAU-17/A models. To feed ammunition, the gun requires a delinking feeder. This device strips the links from the ammunition belts. The original feeder was the MAU-56/A, but it was replaced by the MAU-201/A. There was also a gas-operated version called the XM133. However, that version was never put into production.

The history of rotary guns began with Richard Jordan Gatling. He invented a hand-cranked mechanical Gatling gun in the 1860s. On July 25, 1893, he received a patent for an improved version. This new version used an electric motor to spin the mechanism. It had a theoretical rate of 3,000 rounds per minute. During World War I, German companies tried making externally powered rotary guns. One design was the Fokker-Leimberger, which used 7.92×57mm Mauser rounds. It claimed to fire over 7,000 rounds per minute, but it suffered from cartridge-case ruptures.

Huey M134
Huey M134

In the 1960s, the United States developed the modern Minigun for the Vietnam War. Helicopters in the jungle were often vulnerable to small arms fire. Single-barrel guns on these helicopters would overheat or jam during combat. To solve this, General Electric scaled down the M61 Vulcan cannon. The resulting M134 could fire up to 6,000 rounds per minute without overheating. The U.S. government bought about 10,000 of these guns during the war. They were mounted on many aircraft, such as the Bell UH-1 Iroquois and the AC-130 gunship.

GAU-17 machine gun fired from UH-1N Huey in 2006
GAU-17 machine gun fired from UH-1N Huey in 2006

In the 1990s, a company called Dillon Aero began improving the design. They fixed problems with worn-out weapons and improved the overall system. They created the M134D, which became a standardized weapon for the 160th SOAR. Dillon Aero also developed the M134D-T, which uses a titanium housing and rotor to reduce weight. A hybrid version, the M134D-H, uses a steel housing and a titanium rotor. This version is cheaper and has a lifespan of 1.5 million rounds. This is much higher than the 40,000-round lifespan of a conventional machine gun.

Gau 17 7.62mm minigun
Gau 17 7.62mm minigun

The Minigun is used in many different environments today. While it started in aircraft, it is now used on small boats and Humvees. In Iraq, Special Forces mounted M134D guns on vehicles for extra firepower. Some soldiers even used mock-ups made of painted PVC pipes to intimidate enemies. However, there have been legal issues with other manufacturers. Garwood Industries makes the M134G variant. Between 2015 and 2017, the company's CEO was involved in a case involving the illegal supply of parts to drug cartels.

U.S. Navy special warfare combatant-craft crewmen (SWCC), Special Boat Team 22 conducts training 16 AUG 09
U.S. Navy special warfare combatant-craft crewmen (SWCC), Special Boat Team 22 conducts training 16 AUG 09
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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Huey M134.jpg
Huey M134.jpg
File:HH-3-minigun-vietnam-19681710.jpg
HH-3-minigun-vietnam-19681710.jpg
File:Royal Navy Minigun.jpg
Royal Navy Minigun.jpg
File:U.S. Navy special warfare combatant-craft crewmen (SWCC), Special Boat Team 22 conducts training 16 AUG 09.jpg
U.S. Navy special warfare combatant-craft...
File:Gau 17 7.62mm minigun.jpg
Gau 17 7.62mm minigun.jpg
File:GAU-17 machine gun fired from UH-1N Huey in 2006.jpg
GAU-17 machine gun fired from UH-1N Huey...
File:M134 Minigun Users updated.png
M134 Minigun Users updated.png
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