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Lynx (constellation)

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Lynx is a constellation located in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere. It is a faint collection of stars that covers 545.4 square degrees of the night sky. This area represents 1.322% of the entire sky. Because of its size, Lynx ranks 28th among the 88 official constellations. It is actually larger than the well-known constellation Gemini.

Constellation Lynx
Constellation Lynx

On dark nights, the brightest stars appear as a crooked or zigzag line. This line stretches roughly between the constellations Camelopardalis and Leo. You can find it by looking north of the bright star Castor.

The constellation was created by the Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius in 1687. He formed it using 19 faint stars located between Ursa Major and Auriga. These stars were originally part of an obsolete constellation called Jordanus Fluvius. Hevelius chose the name Lynx because the stars are so dim. He claimed that only those with "lynx-eyed" sight could recognize the pattern. He also used the name Tigris in his notes, but he kept Lynx in his atlas. Later, English astronomer John Flamsteed adopted the name in his 1712 catalog. In 1930, Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte set the official boundaries using a 20-segment polygon.

Many stars in Lynx are complex systems. The brightest star is Alpha Lyncis, an orange giant. It is located about 203 light-years from Earth. This star is twice as massive as our Sun. It has also swollen to about 55 times the Sun's radius. It emits roughly 673 times the luminosity, or brightness, of the Sun. Another star, Alsciaukat, is also an evolved giant. It is between 59 and 75 times as wide as the Sun.

The Modest Galaxy
The Modest Galaxy

Lynx is also very rich in double stars. These are systems where two stars orbit one another. For example, 15 Lyncis consists of two yellowish stars. They are 178 light-years away and orbit each other every 262 years. The system 12 Lyncis is even more complex. When viewed through a telescope, it separates into three distinct stars. Two of these stars orbit each other with a period estimated between 700 and 900 years. The star Y Lyncis is also famous among amateur astronomers. It is a red supergiant that is 580 times the diameter of the Sun.

NGC 2419
NGC 2419

Astronomers have discovered exoplanets in six different star systems within these borders. Two planets were found using the Doppler method. This method detects planets by watching for changes in a star's movement. Four other planets were found using the transit method. This happens when a planet passes directly in front of its host star. For instance, the planet orbiting XO-4 has a very short orbital period of 4.1 days. Another planet orbits the star WASP-13 every 4.35 days. These findings help us understand how different planetary systems form.

The constellation also contains deep-sky objects that are incredibly far away. One is NGC 2419, a globular cluster of many stars. It is between 275,000 and 300,000 light-years from Earth. It is so distant that it was once called the "Intergalactic Wanderer."

NGC 2419
NGC 2419

Another object is the quasar APM 08279+5255. This object is extremely distant and bright. Its light is split into multiple images by gravitational lensing. This occurs when the gravity of a foreground galaxy bends the light as it passes by.

The Modest Galaxy
The Modest Galaxy

Finally, Lynx contains massive structures like the Lynx Supercluster. This was the most distant supercluster known at the time of its discovery in 1999. The area also hosts the galaxy NGC 2770. This spiral galaxy has hosted three recent Type Ib supernovae. A supernova is a massive stellar explosion. One specific event, SN 2008D, was the first supernova detected by its X-rays. This allowed scientists to see the very first moments of the explosion. These diverse objects show how Lynx connects local stars to the vast reaches of the universe.

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File:Constellation Lynx.jpg
Constellation Lynx.jpg
File:NGC 2419.jpg
NGC 2419.jpg
File:The_Modest_Galaxy.jpg
The_Modest_Galaxy.jpg
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