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Luxor

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Luxor is a major city located in Upper Egypt.

Luxor New Tiba City R01
Luxor New Tiba City R01

It serves as the capital of the Luxor Governorate. The city is situated between latitudes 25–26 North and 32–33 East. It lies approximately 670 km south of Cairo and 220 km north of Aswan. Luxor covers a total area of about 416 km². The populated area of the city accounts for 208 km². As of 2023, the population was estimated at 284,952 people. The city is a vital hub for Egypt's modern economic and cultural life.

The name Luxor comes from the Arabic word al-quṣūr. This term means "palaces" in its plural form.

Luxor Temple R04
Luxor Temple R04

Historical names for the city are very diverse. In ancient times, it was known as Waset or Nut. The name Waset meant "city of the sceptre." Later, the Demotic Egyptian name was ta jpt, meaning "the shrine" or "the temple." The ancient Greeks called the city Thebes or Diospolis.

Thèbes. Plan général de la portion de la Vallée du Nil qui comprend les ruines (NYPL b14212718-1267931)
Thèbes. Plan général de la portion de la Vallée du Nil qui comprend les ruines (NYPL b14212718-1267931)

The city has been called the "City of a Hundred Gates" and the "City of the Sun."

Luxor is often called the "world's greatest open-air museum." This is because massive ancient ruins sit within the modern city.

luxortemple
luxortemple

The city is split by the River Nile. On one side, you find the Karnak and Luxor temple complexes.

Karnakpanorama
Karnakpanorama

On the opposite side, known as the West Bank, lies the Theban Necropolis. This area contains the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens.

معبد حبستشوت 2
معبد حبستشوت 2

This side of the river is famous for its monuments, temples, and tombs. The landscape offers a direct view of Egypt's ancient history.

The history of Luxor began to grow during the 11th Dynasty. Montuhotep II helped bring stability to the region. This allowed the community to grow into a thriving city. During the New Kingdom, the city became the capital of Upper Egypt. It was a center for politics, religion, and military power. The Pharaohs accumulated great wealth through expeditions to Kush and Canaan.

Luxor 11
Luxor 11

The city also played a role in expelling the Hyksos invaders. It attracted many different peoples, including the Hittites and the Minoans. A Hittite prince even married the widow of Tutankhamun, Ankhesenamun.

Religion played a massive role in the city's ancient development. Thebes was the city of the god Amun.

Egypt.LuxorTemple.01
Egypt.LuxorTemple.01

Over time, Amun was linked with the sun god Ra. This created the powerful deity Amun-Ra. The great temple at Karnak was the most important temple in Egypt. The city also remained a spiritual site during the Christian era. Christian monks established monasteries near ancient monuments like the temple of Hatshepsut. Later, the Abu Haggag Mosque was built in a location that was once a church.

Abu el-Haggag R03
Abu el-Haggag R03

Archaeologists continue to make incredible discoveries in the Luxor region. In 2021, they found a "lost golden city" named Aten.

By ovedc - Luxor Museum - 09
By ovedc - Luxor Museum - 09

This is the largest known ancient Egyptian city ever unearthed. It provides a glimpse into the lives of ordinary people. In 2025, a team identified the tomb of Thutmose II in Wadi C.

Deir el-Medina, Luxor, Egipto, 2022-04-03, DD 18
Deir el-Medina, Luxor, Egipto, 2022-04-03, DD 18

This was the first royal tomb found in over a century. Other finds include a 13th-century tomb with 1,000 ushabti statues. Ushabti are small funerary statues used in burials. Archaeologists also found an ancient industrial area used to make pottery and gold items.

Today, tourism is a major part of the local economy. About 5 million tourists visit Luxor's attractions every year.

Aerial Views of Luxor No 24.
Aerial Views of Luxor No 24.

Visitors enjoy large hotels, resorts, and famous hot air balloon rides. The city is easy to access through various travel methods. Travelers can arrive at the Luxor International Airport.

Flughafen Luxor 01
Flughafen Luxor 01

Others use the Luxor railway station to reach the city.

Luxor Bahnhof 01
Luxor Bahnhof 01

Luxor remains a place where ancient heritage and modern life exist side by side.

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🖼️ Images & Media (19)
File:Luxor Temple R04.jpg
Luxor Temple R04.jpg
File:Egypt.LuxorTemple.01.jpg
Egypt.LuxorTemple.01.jpg
File:Thèbes. Plan général de la portion de la Vallée du Nil qui comprend les ruines (NYPL b14212718-1267931).jpg
Thèbes. Plan général de la portion de la...
File:Luxor_New_Tiba_City_R01.jpg
Luxor_New_Tiba_City_R01.jpg
File:LuxorTempleFromSE.jpg
LuxorTempleFromSE.jpg
File:Deir el-Medina, Luxor, Egipto, 2022-04-03, DD 18.jpg
Deir el-Medina, Luxor, Egipto,...
File:معبد حبستشوت 2.jpg
معبد حبستشوت 2.jpg
File:luxortemple.jpg
luxortemple.jpg
File:Karnakpanorama.jpg
Karnakpanorama.jpg
File:By ovedc - Aerial photographs of Luxor - 76.jpg
By ovedc - Aerial photographs of Luxor - 76.jpg
File:Luxor 11.jpg
Luxor 11.jpg
File:Aerial Views of Luxor No 24..JPG
Aerial Views of Luxor No 24..JPG

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