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Lu You

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Lu You was a prominent Chinese historian and poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. He is celebrated for his vast literary output and his intense patriotism. His life was defined by a desire to see China reunified. At the time of his birth, the country was divided. The Jurchen people of the Jin dynasty controlled the northern territories. Lu You spent his entire life working toward the goal of expelling these invaders.

Lu You Statue Nanji Hill
Lu You Statue Nanji Hill

Lu You’s early life was marked by movement and intense study. He was born on a boat on the Wei River on November 13, 1125. After the Jin dynasty conquered the Northern Song capital, his family fled south. He received a high-quality education and mastered sword fighting and war strategy. By age 12, he was already an excellent writer. He attempted the civil service examination at age 19 but failed. He passed ten years later, becoming the first winner in the Lin An region. However, his success caused conflict with the powerful Qin family. This political tension eventually affected his official career.

His personal history was equally complex and emotional. Lu You fell in love with his cousin, Tang Wan, during their youth. They married when he was 20 years old. However, his mother forced a divorce so he could focus on his studies. In traditional Chinese culture, children were expected to obey their parents. Eight years after the divorce, Lu You encountered Tang Wan at Shen's Garden. He was so moved by the sight of her that he wrote the poem "Phoenix Hairpin" (Chai Tou Feng) on a wall. Tang Wan responded with a poem of her own in the same form.

Lu You Statue Nanji Hill
Lu You Statue Nanji Hill

Lu You's literary career is divided into three distinct stages. The first period lasted from his teens until age 46. He actually destroyed many of these early works later in life. The second period lasted from age 46 to 54. During this time, he joined the military and his writing was influenced by that experience. The third period began when he retired to his hometown of Shaoxing. This final period lasted until his death. He wrote approximately 6,500 poems during this stage. These works often featured peaceful images of country life mixed with feelings of desolation.

Lu You was an incredibly prolific writer. He produced about 11,000 poems in total. He wrote in two main styles: shi (poetry) and ci (lyric poetry). This makes him the poet with the largest number of surviving works from before the 15th century. His poetry is often compared to the great poets Du Fu and Bai Juyi. Some of his famous works include "Rainstorm on the Eleventh month 4th" and "Plum Blossom." He also used a technique called antithesis. This involves matching sounds and meanings in poetic lines to create a perfect balance.

His political life was often difficult due to his strong beliefs. He advocated for the expulsion of the Jurchen from northern China. This stance was often out of tune with the mainstream officials. Many officers preferred a comfortable life over fighting. Because of his insistence on war, Lu You was often dismissed from his jobs. In 1172, he served in a military role doing strategic planning. He even adopted the art name "Fangweng," which means "Liberated Old Man." He used this name to be sarcastic about his own lack of official success.

Lu You spent his final years in seclusion in Shaoxing. He lived a healthy life by eating pearl barley and wood ear mushrooms. These habits helped him keep his hearing and vision keen. He died on January 26, 1210, at the age of 86. His final poem, "To My Son" (Shi Er), remains widely taught in Chinese schools. In this poem, he expresses his greatest regret. He tells his son that if the northern lands are ever reclaimed, he must tell him at his grave. His legacy lives on through his massive collection of verse and his symbol of national devotion.

Lu You Statue Nanji Hill
Lu You Statue Nanji Hill
663 words

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