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Livy

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Titus Livius, known in English as Livy, was a monumental Roman historian. He lived from approximately 59 BC to AD 17. His life's work was a massive history of Rome titled "Ab Urbe Condita." This title means "From the Founding of the City." His writing covered everything from the earliest legends of Rome to the reign of Augustus.

Briosco Titus Livius
Briosco Titus Livius

Livy is remembered for his ability to preserve the memory of his nation's deeds. His work provides a deep look into the identity and triumphs of the Roman people.

Livy was born in Patavium, which is modern-day Padua in northern Italy. At the time, Patavium was a very wealthy and important city. It was the largest city in the province of Cisalpine Gaul. This region was eventually merged into Italy proper. Julius Caesar even granted Roman citizenship to the people living there. Livy felt a deep sense of pride for his home city. He often wrote about the conservative moral and political values of Patavium.

Briosco Titus Livius
Briosco Titus Livius

His teenage years were shaped by the chaos of Roman civil wars. During the 40s BC, different leaders fought for control of the Roman world. A governor named Asinius Pollio tried to force Patavium to support Mark Antony. However, the wealthy citizens of Patavium refused to provide money or weapons. They went into hiding to avoid helping the warring faction. Eventually, the citizens pledged their allegiance to the Senate instead. These conflicts likely prevented Livy from traveling to Greece for his education.

Ab Urbe condita
Ab Urbe condita

Livy lived an independent life supported by his own financial resources. He was educated in philosophy and rhetoric, which is the art of effective speaking. While he lived in Rome for much of his life, he never held a government position. He was never a senator and likely never served in the Roman army. This is suggested by some elementary mistakes in his writings regarding military matters. However, his status allowed him to devote most of his time to writing. He was even a friend to the emperor Augustus and the imperial family.

Ab Urbe condita
Ab Urbe condita

His greatest achievement was the "Ab Urbe Condita," which serves as a complete history of Rome. Because he wrote during the reign of Augustus, his work often emphasizes Roman triumphs. He used embellished accounts of heroism to promote the new government of the empire. Livy did not worry about his own fame. He only wanted to ensure the deeds of Rome were not forgotten. His work is a primary source for the Second Punic War.

Ab Urbe condita
Ab Urbe condita

Livy's influence reached far beyond his own lifetime. During the Roman Empire, he was a celebrity. One man even traveled from Cádiz to Rome just to meet him. In later centuries, his work became a foundation for many other writers. During the Middle Ages, many of his manuscripts were lost because they were difficult to copy. However, the Renaissance brought a massive effort to recover his books. People spent large amounts of money to find and collect his writings.

Ab Urbe condita
Ab Urbe condita

Many famous thinkers used Livy's ideas to shape their own work. The poet Dante spoke highly of him in his verse. The political thinker Niccolò Machiavelli wrote "The Discourses on Livy" as a commentary on his history. Even the French King Francis I commissioned art based on Livian themes. His writing also helped spark theories about the origins of the Etruscans. Scholars used his notes to suggest the Etruscans may have migrated from the north.

Ab Urbe condita
Ab Urbe condita

Determining the exact dates of Livy's life is a complex task for historians. Most information comes from the writings of Eusebius of Caesarea. These records are often found in different manuscripts that do not always agree. Some use the Olympiad system, while others use different calendars. Most scholars agree he was born around 59 BC and died in AD 17. He passed away in his beloved home city of Patavium. His legacy remains tied to the very history of Rome itself.

Ab Urbe condita
Ab Urbe condita
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