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Lionel Tertis

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Lionel Tertis was a legendary English violist who transformed the musical world.

Lionel Tertis 1876-1975 viola soloist lived in a flat here 1961-1975
Lionel Tertis 1876-1975 viola soloist lived in a flat here 1961-1975

He was one of the first performers to achieve true international fame on the viola. Before he became a master of the viola, he began his musical life on the piano. Born in West Hartlepool to Polish-Jewish immigrants, he left home at age thirteen to earn a living as a pianist. He eventually moved to London to study at Trinity College of Music. There, he took violin lessons from B.M. Carrodus while continuing piano studies with R. W. Lewis. In 1895, he entered the Royal Academy of Music (RAM) to study violin under Hans Wessely. His path changed forever when he was encouraged to switch to the viola. This shift allowed him to become a world-renowned soloist touring Europe and the United States.

Tertis was obsessed with the quality of sound produced by his instrument. He sought an especially rich and deep tone. To achieve this, he preferred using much larger violas. In 1920, he discovered a 1717 Montagnana viola during a concert tour in Paris. The instrument was in a nearly unplayable state when he found it. It lacked a bridge, strings, and a fingerboard. Because the instrument was 17 1/8 inches wide, no standard case could fit it. To transport it across the English Channel, his wife wrapped the large instrument in her waterproof coat. He owned this remarkable Montagnana from 1920 until 1937. He eventually sold it to his student, Bernard Shore.

To balance tone quality with playability, Tertis helped innovate instrument design. He knew that a 17 1/8-inch instrument might be too large for some musicians to handle comfortably. Consequently, he created his own "Tertis model" of viola. This specific model was 16 3/4 inches in size. It was designed to provide the tonal advantages of a larger instrument while remaining manageable. This innovation helped other players access the rich sounds he loved. His work with instrument models ensured his tonal preferences could be shared by others.

As a Professor of Viola at the RAM starting in 1900, Tertis worked to expand the viola's repertoire. The repertoire is the total collection of musical pieces written for a specific instrument. He actively encouraged his colleagues and students to compose new music for the viola. This effort led many famous composers to write specifically for him. His collaborators included Arnold Bax, Frank Bridge, Gustav Holst, and Ralph Vaughan Williams. He also worked with Benjamin Dale, York Bowen, Arthur Bliss, and William Walton. These composers helped move the viola from a supporting role to a solo spotlight.

One of the most significant pieces written for him was the Walton Viola Concerto. Interestingly, Tertis did not perform the world premiere of this work. He found the concerto difficult to comprehend at that specific time. The honor of the first performance went to the composer Paul Hindemith. However, Tertis did eventually perform it. He gave his first performance of the work a month after the premiere at the International Society for Contemporary Music festival in Liège. Over the next three years, he gave five additional performances of the concerto. His student, Bernard Shore, performed the work at the Proms in August 1930.

Tertis maintained a very active professional life through various musical groups. He briefly joined the famous Bohemian Quartet in 1906 to replace Oskar Nedbal. He also held a position in the Walenn Quartet. He formed the Chamber Music Players alongside William Murdoch, Albert Sammons, and Lauri Kennedy. He also coached Sidney Griller, who went on to found the Griller Quartet in 1928. Beyond performing, Tertis was a prolific writer and arranger. He composed original works like "Elizabethan Melody" and "The Blackbirds." He also arranged famous pieces for the viola, such as Edward Elgar's Cello Concerto. He even wrote books about his life and string playing, including "Cinderella No More."

His impact on the musical community is still recognized today. In 1937, he retired from the concert stage to focus entirely on teaching. He performed one final solo concert in 1949 at the RAM to raise money for a fund. This fund was intended to encourage further composition for the viola. In 1950, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). Since his death in 1975 at age 98, his legacy has continued through many channels. The Lionel Tertis International Viola Competition was established in 1980. In 2015, English Heritage placed a blue plaque on his former home in Wimbledon. His influence lives on through "The Tertis Project," which celebrates the music he helped inspire.

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