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Lillian Leitzel

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Lillian Leitzel was a world-famous circus acrobat and a legendary headline performer.

Bill Stieneke & Lillian Leitzel, 5-15-25 LCCN2016839880
Bill Stieneke & Lillian Leitzel, 5-15-25 LCCN2016839880

She was born Leopoldina Alitza Pelikan on January 2, 1892, in Germany. Leitzel specialized in performing on the Roman rings. These are large rings used for acrobatic feats of strength and balance. She became a major star for the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus. Her skill and fame earned her a place in circus history. In 1958, she became the first person ever inducted into the International Circus Hall of Fame.

Leitzel’s performances required incredible physical endurance and strength. Her act included moves called one-armed planges. During a plange, she would flip her body over her shoulder. She would sometimes dislocate her shoulder momentarily to complete the move. She could perform these flips hundreds of times in a single routine. She often encouraged the audience to count each flip out loud in unison. This turned her feat of endurance into a shared experience with the crowd.

Leamy Ladies circus attraction inc Lillian Leitzel at left
Leamy Ladies circus attraction inc Lillian Leitzel at left

Her life in the circus began very early due to her family background. Her mother, Nellie Pelikan, was a Czech circus acrobat. Leitzel grew up in Germany with her maternal grandparents. She joined her mother's acrobatic troupe, known as the Leamy Ladies. This group included her aunts, Tina and Toni Pelikan, and Lily Simpson. The Leamy Ladies toured through Europe in 1905. In 1910, Leitzel moved to the United States with the troupe. She eventually performed with Barnum and Bailey after being discovered by an agent in South Bend, Indiana.

Leitzel was known for having a very strong and demanding personality. She was the first performer in history to have her own private Pullman car. A Pullman car is a private railroad carriage used for travel. Her car was completely furnished and included her own baby grand piano. She was a trained concert pianist before joining the circus. However, she was also famous for a legendary quick temper. She would sometimes slap or curse workers if her rigging was not perfect. She famously fired and rehired her personal maid, Mabel Cummings, several times a day.

Despite her difficult temper, Leitzel had a very kind side. She was known as "Auntie Leitzel" to the children working in the circus. She used her private dressing tent to hold birthday parties for them. This showed the different sides of her character within the circus community. Her personal life also included two marriages. She married Clyde Ingalls in 1920, but they divorced in 1924. In 1928, she married Alfredo Codona, who was a circus trapeze performer.

Tragedy struck during a performance in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1931.

Bill Stieneke & Lillian Leitzel, 5-15-25 LCCN2016839880
Bill Stieneke & Lillian Leitzel, 5-15-25 LCCN2016839880

She was performing at the Valencia Music Hall when an accident occurred. The swivel, which is a rotating piece of hardware, held her rope in place. The swivel fractured and snapped while she was in the air. Leitzel fell to the ground during the live performance on February 13, 1931. Her husband, Alfredo Codona, rushed to her in Copenhagen. Although she showed some initial signs of improvement, she died in the hospital on February 15. She was 39 years old.

Leitzel's legacy continues to be recognized in many ways today. Her life story was the subject of the 2013 book, "Queen of the Air: A True Story of Love and Tragedy at the Circus." On May 5, 2014, the United States issued a special postage stamp to honor her. The stamp featured a vintage circus poster that depicted her image. She is buried in the Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California. Her career remains a significant part of circus history and the study of professional performers.

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