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Kurash

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Kurash is a traditional style of folk wrestling practiced across Central Asia.

Көрәш
Көрәш

It is a sport that emphasizes strength, skill, and high-amplitude throws. Wrestlers often compete during Sabantuy, which is a major folk festival. The name of the sport is derived from the Old Turkic word *küreş*. This ancient root is still visible in many modern languages. For example, the sport is called *güreş* in Turkish and *köräş* in Tatar. It also shares this linguistic history in Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Chuvash, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Shor, Turkmen, and Uzbek.

In a match, wrestlers use towels to hold onto their opponents. The primary objective is to throw the opponent off their feet. There are very specific rules regarding what a wrestler can touch. For instance, a contestant is not allowed to grab the trousers or the legs of their opponent. The match begins with a formal salutation known as *Ta'zim*. If the referee needs to pause the bout, they use the term *Tokhta*. If a point needs to be canceled, the term *Bekar* is used.

Scoring in Kurash is based on the quality and impact of a throw. There are three distinct scoring levels: *Halal*, *Yonbosh*, and *Chala*. A *Halal* is the highest score and results in an immediate win. To earn a *Halal*, a wrestler must throw their opponent onto their back with full control, force, and speed. A *Yonbosh* is a throw that is close to a *Halal* but lacks certain qualities. Interestingly, scoring two *Yonbosh* points is equal to one *Halal*. The third level is the *Chala*, which is a throw close to a *Yonbosh*. However, no amount of *Chala* scores can ever equal a *Yonbosh*.

Koeraesh
Koeraesh

To maintain fairness, officials use a three-step penalty system. The first penalty is called *Tanbekh*. If a wrestler commits another infraction, they receive a second penalty called *Dakki*. The third and final penalty is known as *Gʻirrom*. When a wrestler reaches the *Gʻirrom* stage, they are disqualified from the match. These rules ensure that the competition remains disciplined and respectful for all participants.

The history of organized Kurash is closely tied to the development of regional sports. The first official All-USSR koresh championship took place in Kazan in 1928. This was followed by the first Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (TASSR) national championship in 1949. Since 1956, regular Tatar Köräş competitions have been held to honor the poet and national hero Musa Cälil. During the 1950s and 1960s, Soviet wrestling federations began to develop the sport further. They integrated elements from freestyle wrestling, Greco-Roman wrestling, and sambo to help the sport grow.

Kazan has served as a major hub for these competitions for many decades. The city hosted the first RSFSR national koresh championship in 1960, and this event has been held every year since. While Kazan has hosted about 15 of these championships, the events move to other cities as well. These include Salavat, Orenburg, Oktyabrsky, Tuymazy, Chelyabinsk, Cheboksary, Almetievsk, Samara, Ulyanovsk, and Naberezhnye Chelny. Over the years, athletes from 36 different Russian regions have participated in the Russian championships.

Today, Kurash has expanded into a major international sport. The International Kurash Association (IKA) was founded in 1998 and has held championships since 1999. These world championships have traveled to many countries, including Uzbekistan, Turkey, Hungary, Armenia, Mongolia, Ukraine, and Iran. The International Tatar Belt Wrestling Köräş Association was also formed on September 9, 2009. This group works to popularize Tatar traditions abroad and provides opportunities for athletes to compete globally. In 2010, a World Championship in Kazan attracted approximately 100 wrestlers from 17 different countries.

Kurash has also achieved recognition in major multi-sport events. It made its debut at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia. It also appeared at the 30th Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines in 2019. This progression shows how a traditional folk practice can become a recognized part of the global sporting community. From its roots in Old Turkic culture to modern international arenas, Kurash continues to celebrate its unique heritage through athletic excellence.

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