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Kuomintang

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The Kuomintang, or KMT, is a major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan).

KMT Headquarters, Taipei
KMT Headquarters, Taipei

It is a centre-right to right-wing party and the largest member of the Pan-Blue Coalition. This coalition is one of the two primary political groups in Taiwan. The KMT's main rival is the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), which leads the Pan-Green Coalition. As of 2025, the KMT holds the largest number of seats in the Legislative Yuan. The party is currently led by Chair Cheng Li-wun. The KMT follows a guiding ideology known as the Three Principles of the People.

Sun Yat Sen portrait 2 (9to12)
Sun Yat Sen portrait 2 (9to12)

These principles include nationalism, democracy, and the people's livelihood.

The party's origins began with the work of Sun Yat-sen. He was a Chinese revolutionary who wanted to establish a republic. On November 24, 1894, he founded the Revive China Society in Honolulu, Hawaii. Later, in 1905, he joined other groups in Tokyo to form the Tongmenghui. This group aimed to overthrow the Qing dynasty. In 1912, the Republic of China was founded following the Xinhai Revolution. The Nationalist Party was officially established in Beijing in August 1912. Sun Yat-sen was chosen as the first chairman of this party.

1st National Congress of Kuomintang of China
1st National Congress of Kuomintang of China

The party used a structure called democratic centralism to organize its members.

In the early 1920s, the KMT underwent major changes. In 1919, Sun Yat-sen reformed the party in the Shanghai French Concession. He gave it the name Kuomintang. In 1923, the KMT accepted aid from the Soviet Union. Soviet advisers, such as Mikhail Borodin, helped reorganize the party. They helped establish a Leninist party structure that lasted until the 1990s. During this time, the KMT and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) formed the First United Front. This meant the two parties agreed to work together for a time. Even Mao Zedong and other early CCP members joined the KMT during this period.

After Sun Yat-sen died in 1925, Chiang Kai-shek emerged as a powerful leader.

He had previously studied military and political systems in Moscow. Chiang controlled the military through the Whampoa Military Academy. From 1926 to 1928, he led the Northern Expedition. This was a military campaign to defeat regional warlords and unify China. The KMT successfully defeated several warlords and the Beiyang government. This allowed the KMT to become the sole ruling party in mainland China from 1928 to 1949. However, the KMT also had a violent split with the CCP in 1927. This event, known as the Shanghai massacre, helped start the Chinese Civil War.

The KMT's control over mainland China began to fade due to two major conflicts. First, they fought the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Second, they fought the CCP during the Chinese Civil War. These wars caused the KMT to lose control of much of the country. In December 1949, the KMT retreated to the island of Taiwan.

Cina1948
Cina1948

From 1949 to 1987, the KMT ruled Taiwan as a one-party state. This period included the February 28 incident. During this time, the country was under martial law. This era is often called the White Terror. Civil liberties were limited as part of the party's anti-communism efforts.

Despite the political restrictions, the KMT oversaw rapid economic development in Taiwan. However, the party also faced significant diplomatic challenges in the 1970s. The country lost its seat in the United Nations during this decade. The CCP-led People's Republic of China (PRC) also gained international diplomatic recognition. In the late 1980s, the political landscape began to change. Party leader Chiang Ching-kuo lifted martial law and the ban on opposition parties. His successor, Lee Teng-hui, continued these democratic reforms. In 1996, Lee Teng-hui was re-elected through the first direct presidential election in Taiwan's history.

The KMT has experienced many shifts in power since the transition to democracy. The year 2000 saw the end of 72 years of continuous KMT presidencies. Later, Ma Ying-jeou won a large victory in the 2008 presidential election. The party lost the presidency and its legislative majority in 2016. However, it regained a legislative plurality in the 2024 election. Today, the KMT maintains a specific stance on cross-strait relations. It supports the Republic of China as the only representative of China. The party accepts the 1992 Consensus, which describes both sides as "one China." This position allows for ambiguity in interpretation. The KMT seeks to maintain the status quo rather than pursuing formal independence or unification.

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🖼️ Images & Media (29)
File:Sun Yat Sen portrait 2 (9to12).jpg
Sun Yat Sen portrait 2 (9to12).jpg
File:The revolutionary army attacks Nanking and crosses a stream Wellcome V0047152 (cropped).jpg
The revolutionary army attacks Nanking...
File:1st National Congress of Kuomintang of China.jpg
1st National Congress of Kuomintang of China.jpg
File:Detail without script, 国军编遣委员会大会闭幕摄影 19290125 (cropped).jpg
Detail without script, 国军编遣委员会大会闭幕摄影...
File:Countermand concession.jpg
Countermand concession.jpg
File:kmtarmy.JPG
kmtarmy.JPG
File:19451025 中國戰區臺灣省受降典禮後 臺灣省警備總司令部全體官兵合影.jpg
19451025 中國戰區臺灣省受降典禮後 臺灣省警備總司令部全體官兵合影.jpg
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 135-S-13-14-22, Tibetexpedition, Haus mit Glückszeichen.jpg
Bundesarchiv Bild 135-S-13-14-22,...
File:Kuomintang Party in Xinjiang 1942.jpg
Kuomintang Party in Xinjiang 1942.jpg
File:Cina1948.JPG
Cina1948.JPG
File:蔣中正總統玉照.png
蔣中正總統玉照.png
File:KMT Headquarters, Taipei.JPG
KMT Headquarters, Taipei.JPG

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