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Krill

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Krill are small, marine crustaceans belonging to the order Euphausiacea. They live in every ocean on Earth.

Krill swarm
Krill swarm

These creatures are vital to the ocean's food web. They act as a trophic level connection. This means they link the tiny producers at the bottom to much larger predators. Without krill, many ocean ecosystems would struggle to survive. They turn microscopic energy into a food source for massive animals.

Most krill are filter feeders that eat phytoplankton. Phytoplankton are tiny, single-celled algae.

Processes in the biological pump
Processes in the biological pump

Krill use their front appendages, called thoracopods, to filter food. These legs act like fine combs to catch diatoms. Diatoms are a specific type of unicellular algae. Some krill are omnivores, meaning they eat both plants and small animals. A few species are even carnivores that hunt fish larvae.

Krillanatomykils
Krillanatomykils

This feeding process helps move carbon through the ocean.

Krill anatomy is quite specialized. Their bodies consist of three main parts. First is the cephalothorax, which is a fused head and thorax. Next is the abdomen, which holds ten swimming appendages. Finally, they have a tail fan.

Krillanatomykils
Krillanatomykils

Most krill have a transparent exoskeleton made of chitin. This clear shell helps them hide. They also have complex compound eyes. Many species use photophores to create light. Photophores are organs that use a chemical reaction called bioluminescence. This involves a pigment called luciferin and an enzyme called luciferase. This light might help with mating or camouflage.

Role of Antarctic krill in biogeochemical cycles
Role of Antarctic krill in biogeochemical cycles

Scientists have spent many years studying krill taxonomy. Taxonomy is the science of naming and grouping organisms. In 1830, Henri Milne-Edwards first described a krill species. Later, in 1883, Johan Erik Vesti Boas split certain groups apart. For a long time, experts debated if krill were related to prawns or mysids. This debate happened because krill share features with both groups. Today, molecular studies of DNA help scientists understand their true history. These studies suggest the order Euphausiacea is monophyletic. This means all krill share a single common ancestor.

The family Euphausiidae is very large. It contains 10 different genera and 85 species. The genus Euphausia is the biggest, with 31 species. One rare species is Bentheuphausia amblyops. It is a bathypelagic species, meaning it lives in the deep ocean. It is considered the most primitive living krill.

Euphausia gills
Euphausia gills

Most other krill species are much more common. They live in different parts of the world's oceans.

In the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic krill is incredibly abundant. Its estimated biomass is about 379 million tonnes.

Krillmeatkils
Krillmeatkils

This is one of the largest total biomasses of any single species. Over half of this mass is eaten every year. Predators include whales, seals, penguins, and squid. Baleen whales, like the blue whale, rely on them. Krill also participate in diel vertical migrations. This is a daily movement where they swim up at night and down during the day. This movement can reach depths of 400 metres.

Role of Antarctic krill in biogeochemical cycles
Role of Antarctic krill in biogeochemical cycles

Krill are also important to human industries. They are fished commercially in the Southern Ocean and near Japan. Much of the catch goes to aquaculture and aquarium feeds. It is also used as bait for sport fishing. The pharmaceutical industry uses krill as well. In some places, people eat them directly. In Japan, they are known as shirasu. In Spain and the Philippines, they are called camarones. In the Philippines, they are also called alamang. They are used to make a salty paste called bagoong.

08634jfPamarawan, Malolos City, Bulacan River Districtfvf 27
08634jfPamarawan, Malolos City, Bulacan River Districtfvf 27
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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Krillanatomykils.jpg
Krillanatomykils.jpg
File:Euphausia gills.jpg
Euphausia gills.jpg
Processes in the biological pump.webp
File:Nauplius Hatching.jpg
Nauplius Hatching.jpg
File:Nematoscelis difficilis female.jpg
Nematoscelis difficilis female.jpg
File:Krill swarm.jpg
Krill swarm.jpg
File:Pleopods euphausia superba.jpg
Pleopods euphausia superba.jpg
Role of Antarctic krill in biogeochemical...
Cycling of nutrients by an individual krill.webp
File:Krillmeatkils.jpg
Krillmeatkils.jpg
File:08634jfPamarawan, Malolos City, Bulacan River Districtfvf 27.jpg
08634jfPamarawan, Malolos City, Bulacan...
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