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Kabul

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Kabul is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan. It sits high up in a narrow valley. This valley is part of the huge Hindu Kush mountain range.

Kabul mountains
Kabul mountains

The Kabul River flows near the city. Because it is so high, Kabul is one of the highest capital cities in the world. The city is a major center for the country's politics and culture. It is also a very important place for trade.

Survey of India, 38 F NW Kabul Province (1916)
Survey of India, 38 F NW Kabul Province (1916)

Kabul is a very old place. Many people believe it is over 3,500 years old. It was mentioned during the time of the Achaemenid Persian Empire.

Kabul Museum statue2
Kabul Museum statue2

The city sits at a crossroads in Asia. It is roughly halfway between Istanbul in the west and Hanoi in the east. This made it a key stop on the ancient Silk Road. Because of this, it was a meeting point for different lands like Persia and Hindustan.

Ancient Khorasan highlighted
Ancient Khorasan highlighted

Many different empires have ruled Kabul over the long centuries. These include the Kushan, the Samanid, and the Timurid empires. In the 16th century, the Mughal Empire used the city as a summer capital.

Humayun (left) with his father Babur (right), painted circa 1640 (Late Shah Jahan Album)
Humayun (left) with his father Babur (right), painted circa 1640 (Late Shah Jahan Album)

During this time, the city grew and became even more important. Later, it became part of the Durrani Empire in 1747. In 1776, Kabul officially became the capital of Afghanistan.

Shuja Shah Durrani and Men in his decorated palace Wellcome V0050531
Shuja Shah Durrani and Men in his decorated palace Wellcome V0050531

Today, Kabul is a very large and busy place. It has an estimated population of 5,333,284 people.

Kabul-46-Stadthuegel-1976-gje
Kabul-46-Stadthuegel-1976-gje

Most people there speak a language called Persian Dari. They often use a local accent called the Kabuli accent. The city is divided into five zones and 22 municipal districts. The current mayor of the city is Mawlawi Abdul Rashid.

Apartments in Kabul street
Apartments in Kabul street

Visitors can see many beautiful historical sites in the city. There are grand palaces like the Arg and lovely gardens like Bagh-e Babur.

2011 SCF Kabul-3
2011 SCF Kabul-3

Some of the oldest neighborhoods are Bala Hisar and Murad Khani. The city has seen many changes and hard times in recent history. It has moved through different periods of peace and war.

Kabul during civil war of fundamentalists 1993-2
Kabul during civil war of fundamentalists 1993-2

Even with these changes, Kabul remains the most important city in the region.

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🖼️ Images & Media (36)
File:Survey of India, 38 F NW Kabul Province (1916).jpg
Survey of India, 38 F NW Kabul Province (1916).jpg
File:Map of the Kushan Empire.png
Map of the Kushan Empire.png
File:Kabul Museum statue2.jpg
Kabul Museum statue2.jpg
File:Ancient Khorasan highlighted.jpg
Ancient Khorasan highlighted.jpg
File:Humayun (left) with his father Babur (right), painted circa 1640 (Late Shah Jahan Album).jpg
Humayun (left) with his father Babur...
File:Horsemen assembled outside the city walls at Kabul, Afghanis Wellcome V0050453.jpg
Horsemen assembled outside the city walls...
File:Shuja Shah Durrani and Men in his decorated palace Wellcome V0050531.jpg
Shuja Shah Durrani and Men in his...
File:Hendaki Palace, the Emir's residence, Kabul Wellcome L0025004.jpg
Hendaki Palace, the Emir's residence,...
File:Kabul, capitale dell’Afganistan a.jpg
Kabul, capitale dell’Afganistan a.jpg
File:Dilkusha Palace, Kabul Afghanistan.jpg
Dilkusha Palace, Kabul Afghanistan.jpg
File:66-174 Kabul Afghanistan 1966.jpg
66-174 Kabul Afghanistan 1966.jpg
File:Kabul-46-Stadthuegel-1976-gje.jpg
Kabul-46-Stadthuegel-1976-gje.jpg

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