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John Thomson (photographer)

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John Thomson was a pioneering Scottish photographer, geographer, and traveler.

Plaque to John Thomson, Brighton Street, Edinburgh
Plaque to John Thomson, Brighton Street, Edinburgh

He was one of the first photographers to travel extensively to the Far East. His work documented the diverse people, landscapes, and artifacts of various eastern cultures. Later in life, his work with the street people of London became a classic instance of social documentary. This style of photography helped lay the foundations for modern photojournalism.

Street Life in London, book cover
Street Life in London, book cover

Thomson also became a highly successful portrait photographer for high society in Mayfair. In 1881, he even received a royal warrant from Queen Victoria.

Thomson's journey into photography began with scientific study and apprenticeship. Born in Edinburgh in 1837, he was the eighth of nine children. After completing his schooling in the early 1850s, he became an apprentice to a manufacturer of optical and scientific instruments. During this period, he studied the principles of photography. He also attended evening classes at the Watt Institution and School of Arts. There, he earned certificates in natural philosophy, junior mathematics, and chemistry. These scientific skills were vital for the complex chemical processes required in early photography.

In 1862, Thomson moved to Singapore to join his older brother, William. William was a watchmaker and a photographer. Together, they established a business to manufacture marine chronometers and nautical instruments. Thomson also opened a photographic studio in Singapore to take portraits of European merchants. He soon developed a deep interest in photographing local peoples and their daily activities. He traveled through the mainland territories of Malaya and the island of Sumatra to capture these scenes.

Thomson, Children Playing in Stream, Singapore
Thomson, Children Playing in Stream, Singapore

Thomson's expeditions were often physically demanding and required great technical skill. He had to transport a bulky wooden camera and many large, fragile glass plates. He also had to carry chemicals that were potentially explosive. In remote regions, he often had to improvise because chemicals were difficult to acquire. Many people he encountered had never seen a Westerner or a camera before. In 1866, while exploring the ancient city of Angkor, Thomson contracted jungle fever. His translator, H. G. Kennedy, helped save his life during this difficult journey.

Thomson, Angkor Wat
Thomson, Angkor Wat

His travels took him through several distinct geographic regions and cultures. In the Far East, he documented the King of Siam and the royal court in Bangkok. He also photographed the King of Cambodia and members of the Cambodian royal family. Between 1868 and 1872, he lived in Hong Kong and traveled deep into China. He visited major cities like Beijing and Shanghai, as well as the Great Wall. He even traveled 3,000 miles up the Yangtze River to reach Hubei and Sichuan.

He also visited the island of Taiwan, photographing aboriginal villages on the west plains.

Thomson's work had a profound impact on how the world viewed different cultures. His photographs enlightened the Victorian audience in Britain about South-East Asia and China. He was a prolific author, publishing books like *The Antiquities of Cambodia* in 1867. He also collaborated with journalist Adolphe Smith on *Street Life in London*. This project documented the lives of people living on the streets from 1876 to 1877. By combining photography with the printed word, he became an innovator in publishing.

Island Pagoda, about 1871, from the album, Foochow and the River Min
Island Pagoda, about 1871, from the album, Foochow and the River Min

Today, Thomson's legacy is preserved in many prestigious institutions. His collection includes over 600 glass negatives, which are now held by the Wellcome Library. His photographs are also featured in the Museum of Modern Art and the Victoria and Albert Museum. Other collections include the National Portrait Gallery and the National Science and Media Museum. In 1921, a peak on Mount Kenya was named "Point Thomson" to honor him. His life's work remains a vital record of the 19th-century world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Thomson, Children Playing in Stream, Singapore.jpg
Thomson, Children Playing in Stream, Singapore.jpg
File:First King of Siam MET DP-573-001 (cropped).jpg
First King of Siam MET DP-573-001 (cropped).jpg
File:Thomson, Angkor Wat.jpg
Thomson, Angkor Wat.jpg
File:Island Pagoda, about 1871, from the album, Foochow and the River Min.jpg
Island Pagoda, about 1871, from the...
File:Thomson, The crawlers.jpg
Thomson, The crawlers.jpg
File:Plaque to John Thomson, Brighton Street, Edinburgh.jpg
Plaque to John Thomson, Brighton Street,...
File:Street Life in London, book cover.jpg
Street Life in London, book cover.jpg
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