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John Masefield

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John Edward Masefield was a prominent English poet and writer.

John Masefield
John Masefield

He is best remembered for his ability to find beauty in the plain speech of everyday life. Masefield served as the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom for many years. He held this prestigious position from 1930 until his death in 1967. Only one other poet, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, held the office for a longer period. His diverse body of work includes narrative poems, novels, plays, and children's literature. He remains a significant figure in the history of English literature.

Masefield's passion for storytelling was shaped by his early experiences at sea. As a young man, he trained on the ship Conway to prepare for maritime life. During these voyages, he listened to sea lore and read extensively. He later sailed on the Gilcruix toward Chile in 1894. This journey exposed him to the wonders of nature, such as porpoises and flying fish. He even witnessed a rare nocturnal rainbow during this voyage. These observations provided the raw material for his later narrative poem, Dauber, published in 1913.

His life also included a period of intense study in the United States. Between 1895 and 1897, Masefield worked at the Alexander Smith carpet factory in Yonkers, New York. The working conditions were difficult and required long hours. However, he used this time to become a voracious reader. He purchased as many as 20 books every single week. He studied a wide range of authors, including Charles Dickens and Rudyard Kipling. He also focused on classical poets like Chaucer, Keats, and Shelley. This deep immersion in literature helped refine his own writing style.

Masefield's literary career progressed through several distinct stages and genres. He began with verse collections, such as Salt-Water Ballads in 1902. This collection included his famous poem, "Sea-Fever." He then transitioned into writing novels, including the children's fantasies The Midnight Folk and The Box of Delights. He also composed narrative poems like The Everlasting Mercy in 1911. Later, he wrote dramatic pieces based on Christian themes. In 1928, his play The Coming of Christ became the first biblical play performed in an English cathedral since the Middle Ages. He also produced autobiographical works like New Chum and In the Mill.

During the First World War, Masefield engaged in significant humanitarian and journalistic work. Although he was exempt from military service, he served for six weeks at a British hospital for French soldiers in 1915. He later traveled to the United States on a three-month lecture tour. While there, he spoke about English literature and gathered views on the war in Europe. His book Gallipoli, which addressed the Allied effort in the Dardanelles, was quite successful. He also attempted to write about the Battle of the Somme. He later returned to America in 1918 to lecture to American soldiers. During these tours, he learned to speak from the heart rather than using dry, scripted speeches.

Masefield was a dedicated supporter of the art of spoken poetry. In 1923, he organized the Oxford Recitations to encourage the beautiful speaking of verse. This annual contest aimed to discover talented speakers and teach people how to listen to poetry. While he eventually moved away from the competitive format in 1929, the initiative was considered a success. He was also a founding member of the Scottish Association for the Speaking of Verse in 1924. This organization continues today as the Poetry Association of Scotland. Through these efforts, he helped ensure that poetry remained a living, breathing oral tradition.

In his later years, Masefield lived a multifaceted life near Oxford. He settled on Boar's Hill, where he engaged in beekeeping, goat-herding, and poultry-keeping. Despite these rural pursuits, his professional influence grew. He was elected President of the Society of Authors in 1937. He also established the Royal Medals for Poetry to support emerging writers. These medals were awarded to poets under the age of 35 for their published editions.

The Masefield Centre
The Masefield Centre

His legacy continues through the many writers he encouraged and the enduring popularity of his poems.

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