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Jasminum sambac

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Jasminum sambac is a species of evergreen jasmine. It is native to Bhutan and India. People grow it in many tropical regions. These include West Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. It has also naturalized in many places. These locations include the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. This plant is a small shrub or a vine. It is highly valued for its sweet fragrance.

Jasminum sambac1SHSU
Jasminum sambac1SHSU

The plant is very variable in its appearance. This variety might come from natural hybridization. It might also result from autopolyploidy or spontaneous mutation. Most jasmines have pinnate leaves. However, Jasminum sambac has simple leaves. These leaves are ovate, meaning they are egg-shaped. They are long and wide. The leaves are smooth, which scientists call glabrous. They only have a few hairs at the base. The flowers grow in clusters of 3 to 12. These clusters appear at the ends of the branches.

Jasminum sambac Maid of Orleans 0zz
Jasminum sambac Maid of Orleans 0zz

The flowers follow a specific daily cycle. They usually open at night. This happens around 6 to 8 in the evening. They stay open for a span of 12 to 20 hours. They close again in the morning. The flowers have a white corolla, which is the part of the flower made of petals. This corolla has 5 to 9 lobes. The fruit of the plant is a berry. It can be purple or black in color. Because cultivated plants often do not bear seeds, people use asexual propagation. This includes methods like cuttings, layering, and marcotting.

Humans have moved this plant across the world. Early Chinese records suggest it originated in Southeast Asia. People eventually spread it to Arabia and Persia. There, it was grown in gardens. In the 18th century, it was known in Europe as "sambac." The name comes from the Medieval Arabic word "zanbaq." This word meant jasmine flower-oil. This term later entered Latin as "sambacus." Scientists like Carl Linnaeus first described it in 1753. He called it Nyctanthes sambac. In 1789, William Aiton reclassified it. He gave it the genus name Jasminum. He also created the English name "Arabian jasmine."

There are many different cultivars of this plant. Cultivars are specific varieties grown by people. Some differ in leaf shape or petal structure. The 'Maid of Orleans' has a single layer of petals. It is often called sampaguita or pikake. The 'Belle of India' has single or double layers of elongated petals. The 'Grand Duke of Tuscany' has a double petal count. These look like small white roses. They are less fragrant than other types. The 'Mysore Malli' has very intense fragrance. Finally, 'Arabian Nights' has a double layer of petals but is quite small.

Jasminum sambac Maid of Orleans 0zz
Jasminum sambac Maid of Orleans 0zz

This plant is a cultural icon in Southeast Asia. In the Philippines, it is the national flower. It was adopted by proclamation in 1934. People call it sampaguita. They string the buds into leis or garlands. These are used to honor guests or decorate weddings. In Indonesia, it is one of three national flowers. It is known as melati putih. It symbolizes purity, sacredness, and sincerity. Javanese brides often wear jasmine garlands in their hair.

Javanese Surakarta Bride
Javanese Surakarta Bride
3156San Roque Santa Marta de Pateros Catholic School Metro Manila 14
3156San Roque Santa Marta de Pateros Catholic School Metro Manila 14

Beyond decoration, the plant has many uses. The flowers are used in perfumes. They are also used in jasmine tea. The fragrance comes from many chemical compounds. These include benzyl alcohol and linalool. The roots contain substances like oleanolic acid. In the perfume industry, the flowers are harvested as buds. They are picked in the early morning. The buds must be white to have the best scent. Green buds may not smell as strong. This plant connects botany, history, and many different human traditions.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Jasminum sambac1SHSU.jpg
Jasminum sambac1SHSU.jpg
File:Jasminum sambac Maid of Orleans 0zz.jpg
Jasminum sambac Maid of Orleans 0zz.jpg
File:3156San Roque Santa Marta de Pateros Catholic School Metro Manila 14.jpg
3156San Roque Santa Marta de Pateros...
File:Javanese Surakarta Bride.jpg
Javanese Surakarta Bride.jpg
File:Stamp of Indonesia - 1957 - Colnect 260826 - Melati Jasminum sambac.jpeg
Stamp of Indonesia - 1957 - Colnect...
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