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Human back

life science Maturity 9-11 Next article →

Your back is the large area on the rear of your body. It rises from the top of your buttocks to the back of your neck. This area is the opposite side of your chest and belly.

Labled diagram of the muscles of the human back
Labled diagram of the muscles of the human back

A central column of bones runs down the middle. This is called the vertebral column. It creates a dip in the center of your back. The width of your back comes from your shoulders and your pelvis. The back is very important for supporting your head and trunk. It also gives you the strength to move your body.

Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 029
Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 029

The back works through many different layers of muscles. The first layer is the superficial group. These muscles help move your arms and shoulders. The middle layer is the intermediate group. These muscles may help with breathing.

Thai tattoo Chiang Mai 2005 058
Thai tattoo Chiang Mai 2005 058

The third layer is the deep group. These muscles stay close to the spine to help you stay upright. The bones also play a big role in how you move. The upper back is very stiff because the ribs are attached to the spine. The lower back is much more flexible. It lets you bend forward or backward, but it does not let you twist.

Many parts of your body are located near the back. Your lungs sit inside the ribcage. They extend far enough back that a doctor can listen to them through your skin. Your kidneys sit below the ribs. They are located under the muscles in the lower part of your back.

Scourged back by McPherson & Oliver, 1863, retouched
Scourged back by McPherson & Oliver, 1863, retouched

Because of where they sit, a strike to the lower back could damage them. The skin on your back is also quite unique. It is thicker than the skin on most other parts of your torso. It also has fewer nerve endings. This means it may not feel things as sharply as other skin.

Back pain is a very common thing for adults to feel. It is the second most common type of pain, after headaches. Most of the time, the pain comes from a simple muscle strain. These muscles can usually heal themselves in a few weeks. However, the pain can be very strong and make it hard to move.

Thai tattoo Chiang Mai 2005 058
Thai tattoo Chiang Mai 2005 058

Other causes of pain include broken bones or problems with the discs between your bones. Some people also deal with arthritis, which is wear and tear in the joints. There are many different names for these issues, like spondylolisthesis or a lumbar disc herniation. These are all parts of the complex system that makes up your back.

People use the back in many ways in art and daily life. Artists like Edgar Degas have painted the back for a long time. Because the back is a large, flat area, people often use it for tattoos. The back is the largest canvas for body art on a human. You might see tattoos on a shoulder blade or across the whole back.

Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 029
Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 029

Some parts of the back are so hard to reach that you cannot touch them. This is why people use backscratchers to reach an itch. In English, we even use the back in many common sayings. We say someone should "watch their back" to stay safe. We also say a friend "has your back" to show they will help you.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Labled diagram of the muscles of the human back.svg
Labled diagram of the muscles of the...
File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 029.jpg
Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 029.jpg
File:Scourged back by McPherson & Oliver, 1863, retouched.jpg
Scourged back by McPherson & Oliver,...
File:Thai tattoo Chiang Mai 2005 058.jpg
Thai tattoo Chiang Mai 2005 058.jpg
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