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Honeysuckle

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Honeysuckle refers to a diverse group of plants within the genus Lonicera. These plants belong to the Caprifoliaceae family. There are 158 accepted species in this genus. Most species are native to northern latitudes. You can find them in North America, Eurasia, and North Africa. They grow in many different forms. Most are hardy twining climbers. A minority of species grow as shrubs. Some species are quite tender. These can only grow outside in subtropical zones.

Honeysuckle-2
Honeysuckle-2

The name "honeysuckle" comes from the sweet nectar found in the flowers. These flowers are often shaped like long tubes. This shape makes it easy for certain animals to feed. Many flowers are bilaterally symmetrical. This means they have two sides that are mirror images. Most flowers grow in clusters of two. This trait leads to the name "twinberry" for some North American species. The flowers are often very colorful and fragrant. They produce an edible nectar that is very sweet.

Wild honeysuckle Bashakill (31658)
Wild honeysuckle Bashakill (31658)

Different species of Lonicera have unique physical traits. Most have leaves that are opposite and simple. These leaves are often oval and long. Some species are deciduous, meaning they lose leaves each year. Other species are evergreen and keep their leaves. The plants produce berries in various colors. You might see red, blue, or black berries. Most of these berries are mildly poisonous. However, Lonicera caerulea is an exception. Its berries are edible and are grown for commerce.

Honeysuckle-2
Honeysuckle-2

History shows how humans have interacted with these plants. The genus name Lonicera honors Adam Lonicer. He was a botanist during the Renaissance. Humans have used the strong, fibrous stems for many tasks. They were used for textiles and for binding things together. In China, Lonicera japonica is used in traditional medicine. It is also used to scent Chinese teas. This process was popular during the Qing dynasty. It is similar to how jasmine tea is made.

Some honeysuckle species can become invasive. An invasive species spreads outside its natural home. This can cause problems for the local environment. Lonicera japonica is a significant pest in many places. It is found in North America, Europe, and South America. It is also in New Zealand, Australia, and Africa. In the United States, it arrived in 1806. It was widely grown by the 1860s. It was found in Ontario, Canada, in 1976. By 2007, it had become invasive there.

Wild honeysuckle Bashakill (31658)
Wild honeysuckle Bashakill (31658)

Gardeners often use honeysuckle for decoration. They use it to cover unsightly walls or buildings. Many varieties have intense fragrances in early summer. Some cultivars are used for specific garden needs. For example, Lonicera nitida is used for low, narrow hedges. Certain hybrids have even won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. These include L. × heckrottii 'Gold Flame' and L. 'Mandarin'. Growing them requires care. The roots should be in the shade. The flowering tops need sunlight or light shade.

Honeysuckle plays a vital role in local ecosystems. Many insects visit the flowers for food. This includes insects in the order Lepidoptera. The moth Deilephila elpenor is a great example. This moth is nocturnal, meaning it is active at night. It visits the flowers at night to drink nectar. Many other species of Lepidoptera larvae also eat honeysuckle. The berries also attract various types of wildlife. This helps the plants spread through the environment.

Honeysuckle-2
Honeysuckle-2
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