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High-heeled shoe

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High-heeled shoes, often called heels, are footwear featuring an upward-angled sole. The heel portion is raised significantly higher than the ball of the foot.

This design changes how a person stands and moves. It can make legs appear longer and the wearer appear taller. It also accentuates the calf muscle. Beyond looks, heels have historically signaled nationality, professional affiliation, gender, and social status. They remain a major statement piece in Western fashion today.

The mechanism of a high heel involves shifting the wearer's weight. In many designs, the body weight is concentrated on the ball of the foot.

18th century shoes mules
18th century shoes mules

This creates a specific posture. Some shoes use a platform, which is a thicker sole under the ball of the foot, to increase total height. To prevent breakage in very thin designs, manufacturers may insert steel into the heel. This was used in the 1947 "New Look" style to allow for slim, elegant shapes.

Stilettos-heels-b
Stilettos-heels-b

Modern heels are constructed from various materials. While wood was common until the 1950s, makers now use leather, suede, plastic, cork, and even metal.

There are many distinct types of heels categorized by their shape and height. A stiletto is a tall, skinny heel named after a thin knife.

Stilettos-heels-b
Stilettos-heels-b

A wedge heel features a solid, sloping sole, a style popularized by Salvatore Ferragamo in the late 1930s. Block heels, or stacked heels, consist of layers of material, often leather, trimmed to shape. Other styles include the Cuban heel, which is a medium-height heel that slopes away from the back. The Continental heel has an upper part that spreads toward the center of the shoe. There are also Annah heels, which are 7-cm platform heels, and the 7.5 mm Continental style.

The history of the heel begins with practical utility in the 10th century. Persian cavalry wore galesh, a type of heeled boot, to stay secure in their stirrups.

Sanson- Safavid Persia men customs (Qizilbash)- سانسون- لباس مردان ایرانی (قزلباش) در دورهٔ صفوی
Sanson- Safavid Persia men customs (Qizilbash)- سانسون- لباس مردان ایرانی (قزلباش) در دورهٔ صفوی

This helped riders stay safe while shooting arrows from galloping horses. This equestrian origin is still seen in the Western cowboy boot. In the 11th century, the Pope began wearing red heeled shoes. By the 17th century, Persian emissaries brought these styles to Europe.

Rigaud Louis XIV 1701
Rigaud Louis XIV 1701

King Louis XIV used heels to display his royal status.

By the 18th century, heels began to split along gender lines. Men typically wore chunky, square heels attached to riding or formal boots. Women wore narrow, pointy heels often attached to slipper-like dress shoes.

In the 19th century, production changed with the invention of the sewing machine around the 1850s.

Wilson Sewing Machine 1850
Wilson Sewing Machine 1850

This machine allowed factories to quickly stitch the upper part of the shoe to the sole. During the World Wars, material shortages forced a change. Because leather and silk were needed for the military, many shoes were made from cork or wood instead.

In the 20th century, the meaning of heels shifted again. In the post-war era, high heels became global symbols of femininity. The stiletto, invented in 1950, became an emblem of female sexuality.

Stilettos-heels-b
Stilettos-heels-b

For men, high-heeled boots like the Chelsea boot or the Cuban heel became popular in specific subcultures. In the West, women's heels often represent professionalism, especially when paired with a pantsuit. However, they are also frequently used in media to portray women in a sexualized way. This connection became stronger following the popularity of pin-up girl posters during World War II.

While fashionable, wearing high heels has significant physical implications. They are associated with a higher risk of falls and musculoskeletal pain.

Spinal column curvature-en
Spinal column curvature-en

They can also lead to the development of foot deformities and varicose veins. Researchers note that heels can artificially change a woman's gait, or way of walking. This can accentuate certain physical aspects of the body. Despite these health risks, the high heel remains a complex and enduring part of global fashion and social display.

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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
File:High-heeled shoes on display in Huangpu, Shanghai (20180211145140).jpg
High-heeled shoes on display in Huangpu,...
File:Shoes MET 54.61.74a-b CP4.jpg
Shoes MET 54.61.74a-b CP4.jpg
File:Ramappa Temple by Varsha Bhargavi Kondapalli 20.jpg
Ramappa Temple by Varsha Bhargavi...
File:Sanson- Safavid Persia men customs (Qizilbash)- سانسون- لباس مردان ایرانی (قزلباش) در دورهٔ صفوی.jpg
Sanson- Safavid Persia men customs...
File:Sanson- Safavid Persia women customs (Qizilbash)- سانسون- لباس زنان ایرانی (قزلباش) در دورهٔ صفوی.jpg
Sanson- Safavid Persia women customs...
File:Rigaud Louis XIV 1701.jpg
Rigaud Louis XIV 1701.jpg
File:18th century shoes mules.jpg
18th century shoes mules.jpg
File:Wilson Sewing Machine 1850.jpg
Wilson Sewing Machine 1850.jpg
File:Stilettos-heels-b.JPG
Stilettos-heels-b.JPG
File:ENB Artisan women's pumps with seal fur.jpg
ENB Artisan women's pumps with seal fur.jpg
File:VerbildeteFusseNormaleFusse.gif
VerbildeteFusseNormaleFusse.gif
File:Spinal column curvature-en.svg
Spinal column curvature-en.svg

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