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Harry S. Truman

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Harry S. Truman was the 33rd president of the United States.

Harry S Truman - NARA - 530677 (2)
Harry S Truman - NARA - 530677 (2)

He served from 1945 to 1953. Truman was a member of the Democratic Party. He became president after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt in April 1945. Before this, he served as the 34th vice president. His presidency occurred during a time of massive global change. He led the nation through the end of World War II and the start of the Cold War.

Photograph of President Truman in the Oval Office, reading the announcement of Japan's surrender to assembled... - NARA - 199171
Photograph of President Truman in the Oval Office, reading the announcement of Japan's surrender to assembled... - NARA - 199171

Truman was born on May 8, 1884, in Lamar, Missouri.

Harry ca. 1897
Harry ca. 1897

His parents were John Anderson Truman and Martha Ellen Young Truman. He grew up in Independence, Missouri. As a child, he was very close to his mother. She encouraged his interests in history, math, and reading. Truman also practiced the piano every morning at five o'clock. He became a very skilled musician by the age of fifteen. He did not attend a traditional school until he was eight years old.

Before entering politics, Truman held many different jobs. He worked as a timekeeper for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. He also worked as a clerk at the National Bank of Commerce. Truman tried several business ventures, including lead and zinc mining. None of these businesses were successful in the long term. He is the only president since 1896 who did not earn a college degree. He did attend business college and some law school classes. However, he left before completing his degrees.

Trumanhist
Trumanhist

Truman served in the military during World War I. He joined the Missouri National Guard in 1905. During the war, he served as a captain in the Field Artillery. He was stationed in France with the 129th Field Artillery. Truman was known for his strict discipline with his soldiers. During a night attack in the Vosges Mountains, he successfully ordered his men to stay and fight. He also showed leadership by observing enemy artillery. He directed his battery to fire on a German unit to protect his fellow soldiers.

Harry S. Truman in his World War I Army uniform
Harry S. Truman in his World War I Army uniform

As president, Truman managed many complex international issues. He helped implement the Marshall Plan in 1948. This plan helped rebuild the economies of Western Europe after the war. He also established the Truman Doctrine and NATO. These were meant to contain the expansion of Soviet communism. During the Korean War from 1950 to 1953, he oversaw American involvement to help South Korea.

Bundesarchiv Bild 183-29645-0001, Potsdamer Konferenz, Stalin, Truman, Churchill
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-29645-0001, Potsdamer Konferenz, Stalin, Truman, Churchill

He also managed the Berlin Airlift to support the city.

Truman made important decisions regarding civil rights at home. In 1948, he proposed new laws to protect civil rights. When Congress refused, he used his executive power instead. He issued Executive Order 9980 and Executive Order 9981. These orders prohibited discrimination in federal agencies. They also desegregated the United States Armed Forces.

President Truman addresses the closing session of the 38th annual conference of the National Association for the... - NARA - 199715
President Truman addresses the closing session of the 38th annual conference of the National Association for the... - NARA - 199715

These actions were significant steps in the fight for equality.

His political career included a famous victory in 1948. Many people expected him to lose the election to Thomas E. Dewey.

Dewey Defeats Truman
Dewey Defeats Truman

Instead, Truman won a surprise victory. However, his administration faced challenges like inflation and strikes. Investigations also found corruption in parts of his administration. While these did not involve Truman himself, they became major issues. Because of low polling numbers, he chose not to run for reelection in 1952. He spent his retirement writing his memoirs and founding a library.

Harry S. and Bess Truman graves July 2007
Harry S. and Bess Truman graves July 2007

Historians have changed how they view Truman over time. When he left office, many people were highly critical of him. However, modern scholars often rank him in the top quartile of U.S. presidents. His reputation has improved through critical reassessments of his leadership. He is remembered for his decisiveness during the atomic age.

Photograph of President Truman in the Oval Office, reading the announcement of Japan's surrender to assembled... - NARA - 199171
Photograph of President Truman in the Oval Office, reading the announcement of Japan's surrender to assembled... - NARA - 199171

He remains a central figure in the study of 20th-century history.

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🖼️ Images & Media (29)
File:Harry ca. 1897.jpg
Harry ca. 1897.jpg
File:Trumanhist.JPG
Trumanhist.JPG
File:Harry S. Truman in his World War I Army uniform.jpg
Harry S. Truman in his World War I Army...
File:Harry S. Truman WW I.jpg
Harry S. Truman WW I.jpg
Officers, 129th Field Artillery, at...
File:TrumanWedding.PNG
TrumanWedding.PNG
File:Truman campaigning in 1934.jpg
Truman campaigning in 1934.jpg
File:Photograph of Harry S. Truman taking the oath of office as President of the United States in the Cabinet Room of the... - NARA - 199062.jpg
Photograph of Harry S. Truman taking the...
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-29645-0001, Potsdamer Konferenz, Stalin, Truman, Churchill.jpg
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-29645-0001,...
File:Photograph of President Truman in the Oval Office, reading the announcement of Japan's surrender to assembled... - NARA - 199171.jpg
Photograph of President Truman in the...
File:President Truman with Greek sponge divers..jpg
President Truman with Greek sponge divers..jpg
File:Truman receives menorah.jpg
Truman receives menorah.jpg

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