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Harold Ross

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Harold Wallace Ross was a highly influential American journalist. He is best known as the co-founder and long-time editor-in-chief of The New Yorker magazine.

The New Yorker 0001 1925-02-21 (page 1 crop)
The New Yorker 0001 1925-02-21 (page 1 crop)

Ross helped define a new style of metropolitan journalism. He wanted to create a publication with a sophisticated yet informal tone. His work shaped how many people viewed humor and storytelling in print. He managed the magazine from its first issue in 1925 until his death in 1951.

Ross's career began with a very mobile and varied upbringing. He was born in 1892 in a prospector's cabin in Aspen, Colorado. His father was a miner of Scots-Irish descent. When Ross was eight, his family moved frequently due to a collapse in silver prices. They lived in several Colorado towns before settling in Salt Lake City, Utah. Ross began working on school papers and for The Salt Lake Tribune. He left school at age 13 to work as a reporter for The Denver Post. By the age of 25, he had gained experience at at least seven different newspapers. These included papers in California, Panama, New Orleans, Atlanta, and New York.

In Atlanta, Georgia, Ross covered the Leo Frank murder trial. This event was considered one of the "trials of the century." During World War I, Ross served in the United States Army's 18th Engineer Regiment. While stationed in France, he edited a regimental journal called The Spiker. He also worked for the Stars and Stripes newspaper in Paris. To reach Paris, Ross claimed he walked 150 miles from his training school. It was in Paris that he met Alexander Woollcott and Jane Grant. These connections proved vital for his future publishing career.

In 1925, Ross co-founded The New Yorker with his wife, Jane Grant. They established the F-R Publishing Company with partner Raoul Fleischmann.

The New Yorker 0001 1925-02-21 (page 1 crop)
The New Yorker 0001 1925-02-21 (page 1 crop)

Ross used his connections in the Algonquin Round Table to find talent. This group, also called "The Vicious Circle," helped launch the magazine. Ross sought to attract a wide variety of famous writers. His staff included figures such as E. B. White, James Thurber, and Vladimir Nabokov. Other notable contributors were Dorothy Parker, John O'Hara, and J. D. Salinger. This diverse group of writers helped establish the magazine's unique reputation.

Ross had a very specific vision for the magazine's content. He called fiction and humorous pieces "casuals." He wanted an offhand, chatty, and informal quality in every piece. He believed nothing should be overly "arty," literary, or intellectual. Ross also enforced strict rules regarding the subject matter. He forbade sex as a topic and rejected unsuitable advertisements. He also avoided "grim" or highly social-conscious articles. His goal was to avoid writing for a hypothetical "old lady in Dubuque." He wanted the magazine to reflect a specific metropolitan sensibility.

As an editor, Ross was known for being incredibly conscientious and careful. He worked to ensure that all copy was clear and concise. He famously used the query "Who he?" to check if writers were being clear. This meant ensuring that every person mentioned was recognizable to the reader. Ross lacked a formal higher education, so he relied on Fowler's Modern English Usage. He treated this book as his "Bible" for grammar and style. However, he was also notorious for his tendency to overuse commas. This habit became a well-known trait among literary circles.

Ross's dedication to the magazine was intense and often difficult. During the Second World War, the magazine operated with a skeleton staff. Many of the regular contributors had left to join the war effort. Ross and his assistant, William Shawn, worked six or seven days a week.

The New Yorker 0001 1925-02-21 (page 1 crop)
The New Yorker 0001 1925-02-21 (page 1 crop)

This intense work schedule reportedly damaged his three marriages. Despite these personal costs, his leadership was highly regarded. A correspondent noted that while Ross seemed unfit to edit, he was actually the only person who could. He edited a total of 1,399 issues during his tenure.

One notable moment in the magazine's history involved a profile of John F. Kennedy. The story, titled "Survival," was written by John Hersey. It was submitted to the United States Department of War for clearance. Kennedy's father, Joseph Kennedy Sr., felt the magazine was too small for such a story. He wanted it in the Reader's Digest instead. Ross, viewing his magazine as an underdog, eventually allowed a reprint in the Reader's Digest. This story later reached hundreds of thousands of people during Kennedy's political campaigns. Ross died of heart failure in Boston in 1951.

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