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Hair iron

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A hair iron is a tool used to change how hair is arranged.

Brennschere, Brennzange
Brennschere, Brennzange

These devices use heat to alter the hair's natural shape. There are three general categories of these tools. Curling irons create waves or curls in the hair. Straightening irons, also called flat irons, make hair straight. Crimping irons create a sawtooth pattern in the hair. While useful, using these tools too often can cause severe damage to the hair.

Curling irons work by using a heated barrel to shape the hair.

Curling iron unbranded
Curling iron unbranded

The barrel's diameter can range from very small to very large. Smaller barrels are used to create tight spiral curls or ringlets. Larger barrels are used to add shape and volume to a hairstyle. The barrel can be shaped like a cylinder, a cone, or a reverse cone. Materials like ceramic, metal, Teflon, titanium, or tourmaline are often used for these barrels.

Different handle styles change how a curling iron is used. Many modern models use a spring-loaded handle to clamp the hair. This is the most popular design. Another style is the Marcel handle, which requires the user to apply pressure to a clamp.

Marcel 12 curling iron 1920s
Marcel 12 curling iron 1920s

Some tools are clipless wands that have no clamp at all. With these, the user simply wraps the hair around a rod. Because these can be very hot, users often wear a Kevlar glove to avoid burns.

Straightening irons work through a specific chemical process in the hair.

Curling iron unbranded
Curling iron unbranded

Inside the hair is a section called the cortex. This area contains positive hydrogen bonds. These bonds are what cause hair to open, bend, and become curly. The heat from a straightener breaks these hydrogen bonds down. This prevents the hair from holding its original, natural shape. However, if the hair is exposed to moisture, these bonds can re-form.

Most straightening irons use ceramic material for their plates. The quality of the iron often depends on the ceramic layers. Low-end straighteners use a single layer of ceramic coating. High-end models may use multiple layers or even 100% ceramic material. Some modern straighteners include an automatic shut-off feature. This feature helps prevent fire accidents. In 2013, a ceramic hair straightener brush was patented. Later, in 2015, Sharon Rabi released the first straightening brush under the DAFNI brand name.

The history of hair straightening shows how technology has changed.

Marcel 12 curling iron 1920s
Marcel 12 curling iron 1920s

In the 1870s, Marcel Grateau introduced heated metal implements like hot combs. Madame C.J. Walker popularized using wide-toothed combs with chemical scalp preparations. Her mentor, Annie Malone, is sometimes credited with patenting the hot comb. In 1909, Isaac K. Shero patented the first straightener made of two heated flat irons. Before modern electric tools, women in the 1960s sometimes used clothing irons to straighten their hair.

Crimping irons create a very specific texture. They work by pressing the hair with paddles that have ridges. This creates a sawtooth style that looks like the marks left by small braids. The size of the ridges determines the look of the hair. Larger ridges produce larger crimps. Smaller ridges produce smaller, tighter crimps. This specific style was very popular during the 1980s and 1990s.

Most modern hair irons rely on electricity for heating. However, some models offer different power sources for convenience. Cordless curling irons or flat irons can use butane. Some flat irons use batteries for power. These battery-operated tools can last up to 30 minutes for straightening. This variety allows people to choose the tool that best fits their needs.

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🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Brennschere, Brennzange.jpg
Brennschere, Brennzange.jpg
File:Curling iron unbranded.jpg
Curling iron unbranded.jpg
File:Marcel 12 curling iron 1920s.jpg
Marcel 12 curling iron 1920s.jpg
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