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Gyanendra of Nepal

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Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev is a Nepalese businessman. He was also the last king of Nepal.

Coronation of King Gyanendra 2058 Jestha
Coronation of King Gyanendra 2058 Jestha

His life is defined by two separate reigns. He first reigned as an infant from 1950 to 1951. He reigned again from 2001 to 2008. His second period of rule ended when Nepal abolished its monarchy. The country then became a federal democratic republic.

Gyanendra was born on 7 July 1947 in Kathmandu. He was the second son of Crown Prince Mahendra. His first reign began during a period of political unrest. In November 1950, his father and grandfather fled to India. This left the three-year-old prince as the only male royal in Nepal. Prime Minister Mohan Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana brought him back to Kathmandu. The infant was declared king on 7 November 1950.

This rule ended in January 1951. A deal was reached and his grandfather, King Tribhuvan, returned to the throne.

As an adult, Gyanendra pursued education and conservation work. He studied at St. Joseph's School in Darjeeling, India. He graduated from Tribhuvan University in Kathmandu in 1969.

In 1982, he became chairman of the King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation. This organization later became the National Trust for Nature Conservation. He married Komal Rajya Lakhsmi Devi in 1970. They had two children, Prince Paras and Princess Prerana.

Gyanendra's second reign began after a royal massacre in June 2001.

King Birendra Silver Jubilee Medal (1997)
King Birendra Silver Jubilee Medal (1997)

Crown Prince Dipendra killed several members of the royal family. Dipendra then shot himself. Gyanendra served as regent until Dipendra died on 4 June 2001. Gyanendra was then officially crowned king. He appointed a two-man team to investigate the massacre. The team included Chief Justice Keshav Prasad Upadhyaya and Speaker Taranath Ranabhat. They interviewed over 100 people. They concluded Dipendra was responsible but offered no further conclusions.

His time as king was marked by political crisis and civil war. The Maoist insurgency made it difficult to hold representative elections. In February 2005, Gyanendra took direct control of the government. He dismissed Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba. Gyanendra claimed this was a temporary measure to suppress the insurgency. This direct rule led to the restriction of civil liberties. International organizations raised concerns about the safety of journalists. In April 2006, large protests and strikes occurred in Kathmandu.

Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu
Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu

After 23 protesters were killed, Gyanendra restored the parliament in April 2006.

The transition toward a republic happened quickly after that. In June 2006, the Parliament removed the major powers of the king. This included his right to veto laws. He became a figurehead rather than a ruler with executive power. All executive powers were moved to the prime minister. In 2007, the interim government included the Maoists. Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala eventually called for Gyanendra to step down. In August 2007, the government nationalized the properties Gyanendra inherited from his brother. This included the Narayanhiti Royal Palace.

The monarchy officially ended in May 2008. The Constituent Assembly voted to amend the constitution. This change turned Nepal into a federal democratic republic. Gyanendra expressed dissatisfaction with this decision in an interview. He stated the decision did not reflect the majority view. However, he accepted the people's right to choose the monarchy's fate.

Order of Tri Shakti Patta - ribbon bar
Order of Tri Shakti Patta - ribbon bar

He left the Narayanhiti Palace on 11 June 2008. He moved to the Nagarjuna Palace. This new residence includes ten buildings, such as the Hemanta Bas. The Narayanhiti Palace was later turned into a museum. The royal crown jewels became government property.

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🖼️ Images & Media (25)
File:Ford B2477 NLGRF photo contact sheet (1976-12-10)(Gerald Ford Library) (cropped).jpg
Ford B2477 NLGRF photo contact sheet...
File:Coronation of King Gyanendra 2058 Jestha.jpg
Coronation of King Gyanendra 2058 Jestha.jpg
File:King Gyanendra with the King of Bhutan.jpg
King Gyanendra with the King of Bhutan.jpg
File:Nepal Pratap Bhaskara.svg
Nepal Pratap Bhaskara.svg
File:Order of Ojaswi Rajanya (Nepal) - ribbon.svg
Order of Ojaswi Rajanya (Nepal) - ribbon.svg
File:Most Refulgent Order of the Star of Nepal.PNG
Most Refulgent Order of the Star of Nepal.PNG
File:Order of Tri Shakti Patta - ribbon bar.svg
Order of Tri Shakti Patta - ribbon bar.svg
File:Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu.svg
Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu.svg
File:King Mahendra Investiture Medal 1956.gif
King Mahendra Investiture Medal 1956.gif
File:King Birendra Investiture Medal 1975.svg
King Birendra Investiture Medal 1975.svg
File:King Birendra Silver Jubilee Medal (1997).png
King Birendra Silver Jubilee Medal (1997).png
File:Coat of Arms of Gyanendra of Nepal (Order of Isabella the Catholic).svg
Coat of Arms of Gyanendra of Nepal (Order...

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