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Great Britain

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Great Britain is a huge island in the North Atlantic Ocean.

England, Scotland and Wales within the UK and Europe
England, Scotland and Wales within the UK and Europe

It sits just off the north-west coast of mainland Europe. This island is made of three different countries: England, Scotland, and Wales. It is the largest island in Europe and the ninth-largest in the whole world. To the west, you will find the island of Ireland.

Ptolemy-british-isles
Ptolemy-british-isles

Together with many smaller islands, these form a group called the British Isles.

The weather on the island is called a maritime climate. This means the temperature stays fairly steady between the seasons. You will not see huge changes in how hot or cold it gets. This island is also very crowded with people. In 2011, about 60 million people lived there.

France manche vue dover
France manche vue dover

This makes it the third-most-populous island on Earth. Only Honshu in Japan and Java in Indonesia have more people. It is the most populated island found outside of Asia.

Humans have lived on this island for a very long time. Modern humans have been here for about 30,000 years. Long ago, the island was not separated by water. A land bridge called Doggerland once connected it to mainland Europe.

Prima Europe tabula
Prima Europe tabula

This connection stayed until about 9,000 years ago. Even older traces of humans exist in the area. Very old stone tools and footprints were found in Norfolk. These belong to humans from around 950,000 to 850,000 years ago.

People have given this land many different names over time. One of the oldest names was Albion. This might come from a Latin word for "white." Some think this refers to the white cliffs seen from Europe.

Ancient Greek explorers like Pytheas also wrote about these islands. He traveled through the North Atlantic in the 4th century BC. Later, the Romans used the name Britannia. The name Britain itself comes from the Latin name for the land of the Britons.

Today, the term Great Britain can mean two different things. It can mean the physical island itself. It can also mean the political area of England, Scotland, and Wales. This includes many smaller islands like the Hebrides or the Isle of Wight.

Welcome to South Ayrshire - geograph.org.uk - 6273071
Welcome to South Ayrshire - geograph.org.uk - 6273071

It is part of a larger group called the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom also includes Northern Ireland. You might see the name "Team GB" used during the Olympic Games to represent the island's athletes.

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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:Pythéas.jpg
Pythéas.jpg
File:Ptolemy-british-isles.jpg
Ptolemy-british-isles.jpg
File:England, Scotland and Wales within the UK and Europe.svg
England, Scotland and Wales within the UK...
File:Prima Europe tabula.jpg
Prima Europe tabula.jpg
File:France manche vue dover.JPG
France manche vue dover.JPG
File:Robin, Leighton Moss January 2009.jpg
Robin, Leighton Moss January 2009.jpg
File:Heather (Highlands).jpg
Heather (Highlands).jpg
File:Welcome to South Ayrshire - geograph.org.uk - 6273071.jpg
Welcome to South Ayrshire -...
File:Canterbury Cathedral - Portal Nave Cross-spire.jpeg
Canterbury Cathedral - Portal Nave...
File:St. Mungos Cathedral 4.jpg
St. Mungos Cathedral 4.jpg
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