Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🎨

Graffiti

arts Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Graffiti refers to writing or drawings made on a wall or other surface. This act usually occurs in public view and without the owner's permission. The term comes from the Italian word "graffiato," which means "scratched." In archaeology, the singular form is called a "graffito." Graffiti can range from simple written "monikers," or names, to very large and elaborate wall paintings. While many people see it as art, most countries consider marking property without permission to be vandalism. This distinguishes it from murals, which are large paintings that are often permitted.

Taggers at work
Taggers at work

Artists use various methods and tools to create these marks. In ancient times, people often used sharp objects to carve into stone. They also used simple materials like chalk or coal. Some early artists used a tube to blow paint over their hands to create stencils. This technique functioned similarly to a modern-day tag. Today, the primary tools are spray paint and markers. Artists also use paint markers, paint dabbers, and specialized scratching tools to create their work. These tools allow for different styles, such as "tags," "throw-ups," or larger "pieces."

Tangara T63 with graffiti
Tangara T63 with graffiti

Graffiti has a very long history spanning thousands of years. The oldest examples include cave paintings in Australia, which date back 40,000 to 10,000 years. In ancient Greece, the oldest known written graffito was found on the island of Astypalaia around 500 BC. These markings included word games, comments on gladiators, and "I was here" messages. In ancient Rome, graffiti served as a common form of communication. It was not always viewed as vandalism. However, some markings, like the Alexamenos graffito, were considered blasphemous and removed.

Rufus est caricature villa misteri Pompeii
Rufus est caricature villa misteri Pompeii

During the medieval and Renaissance periods, graffiti continued to appear in different forms. In Scandinavia, people scratched "Tacherons" onto Romanesque church walls. During the Renaissance, famous artists like Michelangelo and Raphael visited ancient ruins. They carved or painted their names in these locations. This practice actually helped initiate the "grottesche" style of decoration. In the late 1800s, a different type of graffiti emerged. Hobos and railworkers began leaving monikers on traincars. These markings documented their travels across the country.

Elevator graffiti
Elevator graffiti

Modern graffiti culture began in the early 1970s. It started in the subway systems of New York City and Philadelphia. This movement was heavily influenced by hip hop culture. Early artists like TAKI 183 and Cornbread created stylized tags. As the New York City metro began painting over subway cars, artists moved their work to city walls. In the 1980s, the film "Style Wars" helped spread this culture. It featured famous writers like Skeme, DONDI, MinOne, and ZEPHYR. This film showed the world how graffiti was part of the emerging hip-hop scene.

Leake street tunnel 2019-11-24
Leake street tunnel 2019-11-24

Today, graffiti is a global phenomenon with many regional styles. In Brazil, a form called "pichação" uses tall characters and is often used for protest. In Africa, artists use street art to raise awareness about social and environmental issues. Festivals like FESTIGRAFF in Senegal help promote these artists. In the Middle East, graffiti has become a tool for political and social expression. This was especially true following the Arab Spring in 2011. In Europe, artists use stencil graffiti or participate in large festivals like UpFest in England.

Mural u Baru, prikaz ratnog zločinca Ratka Mladića
Mural u Baru, prikaz ratnog zločinca Ratka Mladića

Graffiti also intersects with commercial interests and popular culture. In 2001, IBM used spray paint in an ad campaign to represent "Peace, Love, and Linux." However, the company had to pay for clean-up costs and damages. Later, in 2005, Sony launched a campaign for the PlayStation Portable. Sony avoided legal issues by paying building owners for the right to paint on them. This shows how the lines between vandalism and commercial art can become blurred. Whether used for protest, advertising, or personal expression, graffiti remains a powerful way for people to leave their mark on the world.

630 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (20)
File:Rufus est caricature villa misteri Pompeii.jpg
Rufus est caricature villa misteri Pompeii.jpg
File:Graffitti, Castellania, Malta.jpeg
Graffitti, Castellania, Malta.jpeg
File:Knitted graffiti 1.jpg
Knitted graffiti 1.jpg
File:Spiderweb Yarnbomb Installation by Stephen Duneier.JPG
Spiderweb Yarnbomb Installation by...
File:M2109 Iraq War Protest (Black Bloc Element).jpg
M2109 Iraq War Protest (Black Bloc Element).jpg
File:Anarchy police.jpg
Anarchy police.jpg
File:Mural u Baru, prikaz ratnog zločinca Ratka Mladića.jpg
Mural u Baru, prikaz ratnog zločinca...
File:Historic centre of lima graffiti vandalism.jpg
Historic centre of lima graffiti vandalism.jpg
File:Stop graffitti.jpg
Stop graffitti.jpg
File:JonesyLondon.jpg
JonesyLondon.jpg
File:US military anti-graffiti poster in Kuwait.png
US military anti-graffiti poster in Kuwait.png
File:Graffiti removal berlin.jpg
Graffiti removal berlin.jpg

+ 8 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.