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Gonorynchiformes

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Gonorynchiformes is an order of ray-finned fish. This group includes many different types of fish. Some live in the salty water of the ocean. Others live in fresh water like rivers. One very important member of this group is the milkfish. The milkfish belongs to the family Chanidae. It is a major food source for people.

These fish have very specific physical traits. They possess small mouths. They also have no teeth at all. The name Gonorynchiformes comes from several ancient languages. It uses the Ancient Greek words gōnía and rhúnkhos. Gōnía means "angle" and rhúnkhos means "snout." The name also uses the Latin word formes. Together, these parts mean "snout angle form."

One of the most interesting parts of these fish is their hearing. They have a primitive Weberian apparatus. This is a special structure used for hearing. It is formed by the first three vertebrae. It also includes one or more cephalic ribs. These ribs are located within the head. This apparatus is a simpler version of what other fish have. For example, carp have a more advanced and complex version.

These fish also have a way to communicate danger. They can produce a special substance from their skin. This happens when a fish is injured. The substance dissolves directly into the surrounding water. Once in the water, it acts as an alarm signal. This signal warns other fish that danger is near. This process is very similar to how cypriniform fish behave.

Scientists use a specific system to classify these fish. Gonorynchiformes is the only group in the clade Anotophysi. This clade is a subgroup of the superorder Ostariophysi. There are several different families within this order. Some families are quite small. However, there are also fossil genera from the past. These fossils help us understand the history of the group.

The order was officially named in 1966. This was done by Greenwood, Rosen, Weitzman, and Myers. Different families within the order were named at different times. The family Gonorynchidae was named by Richardson in 1848. The family Chanidae was named by Günther in 1868. The family Kneriidae was also named by Günther. Finally, the family Phractolaemidae was named by Boulenger in 1901.

There are several distinct families to recognize. The Chanidae family contains the milkfishes. The Gonorynchidae family includes the beaked sandfishes. The Kneriidae family is made up of shellears. The Phractolaemidae family includes snake mudheads. These groups show the diversity of the order. Some are well-known, while others are lesser-known. Each family represents a different branch of this fish group.

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