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Ghoul

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A ghoul is a legendary, demon-like being or monstrous humanoid found in various folklore traditions.

Amine Discovered with the Goule
Amine Discovered with the Goule

The concept originated in pre-Islamic Arabian religion. In many traditions, these creatures are associated with graveyards and the consumption of human flesh. Today, the term is also used metaphorically. It can describe a person who enjoys the macabre. It can also refer to people whose jobs involve death, such as gravediggers or graverobbers. In modern fiction, the word often labels a specific type of monster.

The mechanism of a ghoul's behavior often involves deception and luring. In Arabic folklore, the ghul may dwell in cemeteries or uninhabited places. Many tales describe the creature using a "glamor," which is a magical illusion. A female ghoul might appear to men as a long-lost female relative or an unassuming old woman. This allows her to lure unsuspecting men into her home. Once there, she may attempt to eat them. Some stories suggest ghouls can even take the form of the person they most recently ate. They may also lure travelers into desert wastes or abandoned areas.

There are different types and gendered forms of these creatures. In early Arabic, the term was treated as a feminine word. Later, it became a masculine word. A male ghoul is called a ghul, while a female is called a ghulah. Scholar Dwight F. Reynolds notes that female ghouls are sometimes called "Mother Ghoul" or "Our Aunt Ghoul." These relational terms appear in tales told to women and girls. Some traditions also categorize ghouls as part of the jinn, a group of supernatural beings mentioned in pre-Islamic poetry.

The history of the ghoul involves many different cultures and eras. The English word comes from the Arabic "ghul." The term first entered English literature in 1786. It appeared in William Beckford's Orientalist novel, *Vathek*. Before the Arabic tradition, there were demonic entities in ancient Mesopotamia called Gallu. Scholar Ahmed Al-Rawi believes the Gallu may have influenced the Arabic ghoul. This connection might have happened through contact between Akkadians and Bedouin traders. Later, Antoine Galland introduced the Western concept of ghouls to Europe through his translation of *One Thousand and One Nights*.

Specific details and numbers help define these legends in various regions. In 1667, a hyena that attacked a woman in Mecca was called a ghul by locals. This was likely due to perceived similarities to the folklore creature. One narrative identifies a specific monster named Ghul-e Biyaban. This entity was believed to inhabit the wilderness of Afghanistan and Iran. In religious contexts, some traditions suggest travelers can escape a ghoul by reciting the adhan, or call to prayer. Some accounts even suggest a ghoul might convert to Islam by reciting the Throne Verse.

Notable examples of ghouls appear in both ancient tales and modern literature.

Weird Tales v10n04 - Pickman's Model
Weird Tales v10n04 - Pickman's Model

A Syrian folktale, *The Woodcutter's Wealthy Sister*, tells of a princess who is actually a ghoul. She attempts to trick a woodcutter and his family into living in her palace. In modern horror, H.P. Lovecraft reimagined ghouls as a subterranean race. He described them as dog-faced, bestial humanoids living in underground tunnels. Lovecraft's ghouls are not always malicious, but they do eat human flesh. They are also described as being able to travel through a "wall of sleep."

The idea of the ghoul connects to broader themes in anthropology and literature. It touches on how different cultures process the concept of death and the unknown. The evolution of the ghoul shows how ideas travel between civilizations, such as from Mesopotamia to Arabia. It also shows how literature transforms folklore. Authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Neil Gaiman, and Guillermo del Toro have all used the concept. They have moved the ghoul from a religious or folkloric warning into a complex character in modern storytelling.

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File:Amine Discovered with the Goule.jpg
Amine Discovered with the Goule.jpg
File:Weird Tales v10n04 - Pickman's Model.png
Weird Tales v10n04 - Pickman's Model.png
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