Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
💻

General Motors

technology Maturity 7-9 Next article →

General Motors, commonly known as GM, is a massive American multinational company.

General Motors building 089833pv
General Motors building 089833pv

It focuses on the manufacturing of automobiles and other transportation technologies. The company is headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, within the United States. GM is a major player in the global economy. It ranks 25th by total revenue among all American companies on the Fortune 500. It also holds the 50th position on the Fortune Global 500 list. In 2023, it was ranked 70th in the Forbes Global 2000. This scale shows how much influence the company has on the world.

GM operates through several distinct divisions and brands. Its four core automobile brands are Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, and Cadillac. Each of these functions as a separate division within the larger company. Beyond these, GM holds interests in Chinese brands Baojun and Wuling. This is done through a partnership called SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile. The company also manages a defense vehicles division for the military. They provide vehicle safety and security through a service called OnStar. They also own ACDelco, which produces various automotive parts.

General Motors Company 1916
General Motors Company 1916

The history of GM began with William C. Durant. He established the company as a holding company on September 16, 1908. He used the Buick Motor Company as his first major acquisition. Durant wanted to grow the company by buying many different brands. In 1908, he acquired Olds Motor Works. By 1909, he had added Cadillac, Oakland, and others to the group. He even tried to buy the Ford Motor Company for $8 million in 1909. However, banks refused to provide the $2 million down payment he needed. Because he borrowed too much money, the board removed him in 1910.

Flint Sit-Down Strike sleeping
Flint Sit-Down Strike sleeping

Innovation has always been a part of the GM story. In 1911, Charles F. Kettering and Henry M. Leland patented the first electric starter. This invention changed how people started their cars. In 1919, the company formed the General Motors Acceptance Corporation, or GMAC. This division provides financial lending services to customers. Later, Alfred P. Sloan became a key leader at the company. He created a pricing strategy that organized brands by cost. Chevrolet was the least expensive, while Cadillac was the most expensive. He also introduced annual model changes to keep the market moving.

Flint Sit-Down Strike National Guard
Flint Sit-Down Strike National Guard

The company has also faced significant social and labor challenges. In 1935, GM workers helped form the United Auto Workers labor union. This led to the Flint Sit-Down Strike in 1936. The strike began in Flint, Michigan, and spread to other cities. It involved plants in Janesville, Wisconsin, and Fort Wayne, Indiana. The conflict became intense, and police attempted to enter the plants. The strike ended on February 11, 1937. GM recognized the union and gave workers a 5% raise. This event was a major moment in American labor history.

Chevrolet nova 1969 ad
Chevrolet nova 1969 ad

During World War II, GM's manufacturing changed to support the Allies. By 1942, all of the company's production was dedicated to the war effort. They produced vast amounts of armaments, aircraft, and vehicles. Their Vauxhall Motors division made Churchill tanks for the North African campaign. They also operated the Eastern Aircraft Division to assemble planes. However, their German division, Opel, supplied vehicles to the Wehrmacht. After the war, the U.S. government compensated GM $32 million. This was because U.S. forces had bombed their German factories.

1960-63 Corvair
1960-63 Corvair

GM has explored many different types of future technology. In 1966, they released the Electrovan, the first hydrogen fuel cell car. They also worked with Boeing to design the Lunar Roving Vehicle. This vehicle was used to travel across the Moon in 1971. In 1972, they produced the first rear wheel anti-lock braking system. They also introduced the first passenger airbag in a 1973 Oldsmobile Toronado. Today, the company is looking toward a new era of energy. In 2021, GM announced plans to end internal combustion engine production by 2035. They hope to reach carbon neutrality by 2040, though these plans were scaled back in 2025.

DSC8983 (51577943248)
DSC8983 (51577943248)

The company's reach extends far beyond just making cars. They have worked in aerospace, defense, and even financial services. Their influence can be seen in everything from the engines in planes to the parts in trucks. They have been the largest automaker in the United States for a long time. For 77 years, they were actually the largest automaker in the entire world. They only lost that global title to Toyota in 2008. This long history shows how GM has shaped the way the world moves.

745 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:General Motors Company 1916.jpg
General Motors Company 1916.jpg
File:Chevrolet nova 1969 ad.jpg
Chevrolet nova 1969 ad.jpg
File:General Motors building 089833pv.jpg
General Motors building 089833pv.jpg
File:DSC8983 (51577943248).jpg
DSC8983 (51577943248).jpg
File:Flint Sit-Down Strike sleeping.jpg
Flint Sit-Down Strike sleeping.jpg
File:Flint Sit-Down Strike National Guard.jpg
Flint Sit-Down Strike National Guard.jpg
File:1960-63 Corvair.jpg
1960-63 Corvair.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.