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Free Software Foundation

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The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. It was founded by Richard Stallman on October 4, 1985. The FSF is based in Boston, Massachusetts. Its main mission is to support the free software movement. This movement believes that users should have freedom in their computing. The FSF promotes software that is distributed under copyleft terms. Copyleft, or "share alike," ensures that software remains free for all users.

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Parabola-openrc-lxde-2017.11.05-dual.iso

To protect these freedoms, the FSF uses specific legal tools called licenses. The most famous is the GNU General Public License, or GPL. The FSF also manages the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). Other licenses include the GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL) and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL). As a steward, the FSF publishes these licenses and makes revisions. The FSF also holds the copyrights for many parts of the GNU system. For example, it holds the copyright for the GNU Compiler Collection. This legal authority allows the FSF to enforce GPL requirements. If someone violates these rules, the FSF can take action against copyright infringement.

In its early years, the FSF focused on building software. From its founding until the mid-1990s, the FSF used most of its funds for this goal. It employed software developers to write code for the GNU Project. Volunteers and employees also worked on legal and structural issues. Today, the FSF aims to use only free software on its own computers. It also hosts many software development projects on its Savannah website. This website provides a place for the community to collaborate on new tools.

History shows that enforcing these licenses has been a complex task. From 1991 until 2001, GPL enforcement was mostly informal. Richard Stallman often handled these issues himself with lawyer Eben Moglen. In late 2001, the FSF formalized these efforts. Bradley M. Kuhn, the executive director at the time, helped create the GPL Compliance Labs. This lab worked with Moglen, David Turner, and Peter T. Brown. Between 2002 and 2004, high-profile cases against Linksys and OpenTV became common. In 2004, supporters like Harald Welte even launched gpl-violations.org to promote copyleft assertiveness.

Legal challenges have often required significant advocacy from the FSF. In March 2003, a company named SCO sued IBM. SCO claimed that IBM's contributions to free software violated its rights. While the FSF was not a party to the lawsuit, it was subpoenaed on November 5, 2003. The FSF worked hard to respond to this lawsuit and protect the movement. Between 2003 and 2005, the FSF held legal seminars to teach about the GPL. These seminars were taught by Bradley M. Kuhn and Daniel Ravicher. They offered formal legal education to help people understand the law.

Another major legal event involved the company Cisco. In December 2008, the FSF sued Cisco for using GPL-licensed components. Cisco had been notified of the issue in 2003 but did not follow its obligations. In May 2009, the two parties reached a settlement. Cisco agreed to make a monetary donation to the FSF. They also agreed to appoint a Free Software Director. This director conducts continuous reviews of the company's license compliance practices.

The FSF also manages many different types of digital resources. It runs the GNU Press department to publish affordable computer science books. It maintains the Free Software Directory, which verifies software packages. This directory can contain up to 47 pieces of information per entry. The FSF also runs the h-node website. This site lists hardware and drivers that are compatible with free software. Since 2012, the FSF has also run the Respects Your Freedom (RYF) program. This program certifies hardware that uses 100% free software and lacks backdoors.

Finally, the FSF works to identify high-priority needs in the software world. It maintains a list of projects that need more community attention. These projects are important because users might otherwise be forced to use non-free software. As of 2021, high-priority tasks include reverse engineering proprietary firmware. Other tasks include developing a free smartphone operating system. The FSF also campaigns against digital restrictions management, or DRM. They use the "Defective by Design" campaign to highlight these technologies. Through all these efforts, the FSF seeks to keep technology under the control of the people.

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