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François Villon

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François Villon was a famous French poet from the Late Middle Ages.

Statue of Francois Villon in Utrecht
Statue of Francois Villon in Utrecht

He is recognized as a major innovator in poetry. Villon changed how poets wrote by using new themes and vocabulary. While many poets wrote about high ideals, Villon often wrote about the lives of poor people. He celebrated those destined for the gallows and used humor to talk about difficult topics. His work provides a unique record of life in medieval Paris. He used private jokes and the slang of the underworld to reach his audience.

Much of Villon's life is known through official court and civil documents. He was likely born in Paris around 1431. Some sources suggest his real name was François de Montcorbier or François des Loges. He eventually adopted the name Villon from his foster father, Guillaume de Villon. Guillaume was a chaplain and a professor of canon law.

ImagefromAdolfoCantu025
ImagefromAdolfoCantu025

Villon was a highly educated man for his time. He studied arts and earned a bachelor's degree in 1449. He later received a master's degree in 1452 from the University of Paris.

Despite his education, Villon's life was marked by frequent legal trouble. In June 1455, he was involved in a violent scuffle on the Rue Saint-Jacques. This fight resulted in the death of a man named Philippe Chermoye. Villon fled and was sentenced to banishment. However, King Charles VII later issued a pardon in January 1456. This pardon was granted after claims that the victim had forgiven Villon. Around Christmas 1456, a robbery occurred at the chapel of the Collège de Navarre. Thieves stole five hundred gold crowns from the chapel.

Scholars believe Villon was involved in this crime.

Following the robbery, Villon became a wanderer for several years. A man named Guy Tabarie eventually turned king's evidence. Tabarie accused Villon of being the leader of a gang of student-robbers. This led to another sentence of banishment. In the summer of 1461, records show Villon was in the bishop's prison at Meung-sur-Loire. He may have been released during a general amnesty under King Louis XI. He returned to Paris and lived near the cloisters of Saint-Benoît in 1462. However, he was imprisoned again in November 1462 at the Grand Châtelet fortress.

Villon's literary output is categorized into several distinct works. His most famous work is Le Grand Testament, written between 1461 and 1462.

Sida ur Villons stora testamente kb stockholm
Sida ur Villons stora testamente kb stockholm

This long poem is considered his greatest achievement. He also wrote Le Petit Testament, also known as Le Lais, in late 1456. This is an ironic and comic poem written as a mock will. In this work, he lists bequests to his friends and acquaintances. Additionally, sixteen shorter poems survive, ranging from serious to light-hearted in tone. Some poems were once attributed to him but are now thought to be imitations.

His writing style was revolutionary for the medieval period. Villon often wrote against the traditional courtly ideals of his time. Instead of focusing on nobility, he used the slang of Parisian thieves. He filled his verses with puns, mysteries, and hidden jokes. These jokes were often meant for a small circle of friends. Because of this, even scholars sometimes struggle to understand his full meaning. He included names of real people, such as lawyers, officials, and prostitutes. This technique made his poetry feel very personal and grounded in reality.

Many English writers have worked to translate Villon's complex verse. George Heyer published a notable translation in 1924. Other translators include Anthony Bonner, Galway Kinnell, and David Georgi. Georgi's work focuses on Villon's famous gallows humor and wordplay. One of Villon's most famous lines comes from "Ballade des dames du temps jadis." The line "Where are the snows of yesteryear?" is widely known in the English-speaking world. This phrase comes from the French line, "Mais où sont les neiges d'antan?" Villon's influence continues to be felt in the study of medieval literature.

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Ballades et poèmes diverses.pdf
File:Sida ur Villons stora testamente kb stockholm.jpg
Sida ur Villons stora testamente kb stockholm.jpg
File:Statue of Francois Villon in Utrecht.jpg
Statue of Francois Villon in Utrecht.jpg
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