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Felix Salten

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Felix Salten was a highly productive Austrian author and literary critic. He was a versatile writer who produced many different types of literature. His works included short stories, novels, plays, and essay collections. He also wrote travel books and film scripts. As a critic, he studied and shared ideas about art and theater for major newspapers in Vienna. Salten was a central figure in the "Young Vienna" movement, known in German as Jung-Wien. This was a specific group of writers and artists active in the city.

Salten’s professional life involved many different roles and responsibilities. He began his career working for an insurance agency after his father went bankrupt. Later, he became a full-time art and theater critic for publications like the Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung. In 1900, he published his very first collection of short stories. He also helped start a literary cabaret called Jung-Wiener Theater Zum lieben Augustin in 1901. This was a short-lived but notable theater project in Vienna. Throughout his career, he averaged the publication of one book per year.

His literary output was vast and covered many genres. He wrote librettos, which are the texts used in operettas, and various film scripts. In 1927, he reached a high position in the literary community. He became the president of the Austrian P.E.N. club. He took this role from the previous president, Arthur Schnitzler. Salten even worked as an editor in chief for German newspapers. He held this position at Ullstein for the B.Z. am Mittag and the Berliner Morgenpost in 1906.

Salten’s most significant achievement was the 1923 publication of Bambi, a Life in the Woods. This novel brought him international fame. In 1928, an English translation was published by Simon & Schuster. It became a success for the Book-of-the-Month Club. In 1933, Salten sold the film rights to director Sidney Franklin for $1,000. Franklin eventually transferred these rights to Walt Disney Studios. Disney released the animated film Bambi in 1942. While the film was a massive success, it actually made the original book obscure.

Salten’s influence extended to many other famous films through his stories. His book Perri, originally titled Die Jugend des Eichhörnchens Perri, inspired a Disney film in 1957. His story The Hound of Florence, or Der Hund von Florenz, inspired the 1959 film The Shaggy Dog. He also wrote a follow-up book titled Bambi’s Children: The Story of a Forest Family in 1939. Some researchers also believe he may have anonymously written a social criticism novel in 1906. This book was titled Josephine Mutzenbacher: The Life Story of a Viennese Whore.

Salten’s personal life was shaped by his identity and the politics of his time. He was born Siegmund Salzmann in Pest, Austria-Hungary, on September 6, 1869. His father, Fülöp Salzmann, was a telegraph office clerk. His mother was Maria Singer. Because of changing citizenship rights for Jews in 1867, his family moved to Vienna when he was four weeks old. As a teenager, he changed his name to Salten to appear less Jewish. He experienced antisemitism from neighbors and schoolmates during this time.

In his later years, Salten became a dedicated advocate for the Zionist movement. He was inspired by the Austrian Jew Theodor Herzl. Salten wrote an anonymous column for Herzl’s newspaper, Die Welt. He also wrote a long profile of Herzl after the leader died in 1904. During the 1930s, life became very dangerous for Jews in Austria. In 1936, Germany banned Salten’s books. After Germany annexed Austria, Salten moved to Zürich, Switzerland, with his wife, Ottilie Metzl. He lived there until he died on October 8, 1945, at the age of 76.

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