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Epilogue

arts Maturity 11-13 Next article →

An epilogue is a specific piece of writing found at the end of a literary work.

Grandville, Autre Monde, Epilog
Grandville, Autre Monde, Epilog

Its primary purpose is to provide closure to the narrative. The term comes from the Greek words "epi," meaning "in addition," and "logos," meaning "word." While an epilogue stays within the perspective of the story, an afterword occurs when an author speaks directly to the reader. An epilogue is the opposite of a prologue, which opens a story to capture interest. In modern digital media like video games or television, these endings are sometimes called "outros."

Mechanically, an epilogue functions by shifting the timeline or the narrative focus. Most epilogues are set in the future, occurring after the main plot has concluded. They allow authors to satisfy reader curiosity by revealing the long-term fates of characters. This process often involves a shift in tense and a jump in tempo. Writer Pat Rogers described this as an "accelerando," where the story moves rapidly ahead over many years. This technique helps to loosen the "temporal screw," moving the reader quickly through time to show the results of previous actions.

Epilogues vary significantly depending on the genre of the work. In literature, a final chapter might reveal character fates or act as a sequel. In horror and suspense, an epilogue might suggest a hidden threat still remains. This can create mystery if the reader thought the villain was defeated. In children's fantasy, epilogues often serve a reassuring purpose. For example, the Harry Potter series uses an epilogue to show characters living happy, older lives. This provides comfort to readers who might have feared a tragic outcome.

Transcript of Epilogue
Transcript of Epilogue

The history of the term shows a long evolution in writing. The first known use of "epilogue" appeared in the 15th century. In 1474, a term called "Epylogacion" was used for a book's conclusion. The Oxford English Dictionary cites a 1564 entry describing an epilogue as a "full conclusion." The first printed example of a dramatic epilogue was in John Phillip's "The Play of Patient and Meek Grissell" in 1569. Before this, the term was used in Middle English and Middle French to describe the ends of speeches in medieval plays.

Specific literary examples demonstrate the power of this device. In Margaret Atwood's "The Handmaid's Tale," the epilogue is a transcript from a university symposium in the year 2195. It reveals that the land of Gilead is gone and the main character's story was published. George Orwell's "Animal Farm" uses an epilogue to show a utopic ending many years after a revolution. In these cases, the epilogue provides specific details that the main plot could not include. It allows for a transition from a specific story into broader myths or legends.

In theater, the epilogue takes on a physical and social role. In Greek plays, the Chorus often ended with two lines of moral observation. Roman plays used much shorter epilogues, often consisting of pleas for applause, known as "plaudite." In Elizabethan theater, an actor might stand at the front of the stage to speak to the audience. Shakespeare used this in "Romeo and Juliet" to provide a moral lesson about the characters' choices. This created a "double consciousness," where the actor was both the character and a separate speaker reflecting on the play.

Epilogues also played a significant role in the social dynamics of the Restoration period. Between 1660 and 1714, outsiders supplied prologues and epilogues 229 times. During this era, epilogues often provided women with agency. Female actors used these moments to address female audiences directly. They might discuss topics like sexuality or virtue that were not allowed in the main play. Between 1660 and 1714, a total of 115 such instances featured actors addressing female audiences or discussing sex. These final words allowed for a unique public forum for women to interact.

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